---
title: "Google (United States): research papers"
description: "From 2017 to 2026 (so far), authors at Google (United States) took part in 233 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in AI (173), operations research (26) and economics (25). It ranks #18 among the companies publishing in the tracked journals from 2023 to 2025."
url: https://scholar4ai.com/companies/google-united-states
markdown_url: https://scholar4ai.com/companies/google-united-states.md
license: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
share_text: "From 2017 to 2026 (so far), authors at Google (United States) took part in 233 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in AI (173), operations research (26) and economics (25). (as of 2026-10-31)"
data_url: https://scholar4ai.com/data/rankings.json
updated: 2026-10-31T19:11:11+09:00
window: 2026-10-02 to 2026-10-31
source: OpenAlex (CC0)
---

# Google (United States)

Papers in the tracked journals with an author at Google (United States): per year and category, where they are published, the institutions its researchers write with, and its most-cited papers. A paper counts as corporate when at least one of its authors is affiliated with an institution that OpenAlex classifies as a company; it counts once for each company among its authors' affiliations. Universities are the institutions OpenAlex classifies as education.

Back to the ranking: https://scholar4ai.com/rankings/companies.md

## Key findings

- From 2017 to 2026 (so far), authors at Google (United States) took part in 233 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in AI (173), operations research (26) and economics (25).
- It ranks #18 among the companies publishing in the tracked journals from 2023 to 2025.
- 8 of them were published in 2025, against 20 in 2017.
- Since 2023, the institutions with the most of these papers were Harvard University (4), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (4) and Georgia Institute of Technology (3).
- The journals publishing most of them were IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (16), Nature Machine Intelligence (8) and International Journal of Computer Vision (7).
- The most-cited of them is “DeepLab: Semantic Image Segmentation with Deep Convolutional Nets, Atrous Convolution, and Fully Connected CRFs” (IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2017), with 22,385 citations.
- Since 2023, papers in the tracked journals cited 159 of its papers 2,286 times; 98% of those links came from papers with a university author and 0% from its own papers.
- Its own papers since 2023 cite archived papers 163 times, 11% of them papers with a company author.

## Papers per year

*Papers per publication year and category*

| Category | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 (so far) |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| [AI](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/ai.md) | 11 | 14 | 27 | 29 | 21 | 23 | 22 | 10 | 5 | 11 |
| [Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/operations-research.md) | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| [Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/economics.md) | 6 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| [Statistics](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/statistics.md) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| [Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/finance.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| [Marketing](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/marketing.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| [Management](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/management.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| [Health Economics and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/health-economics-and-policy.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| [Information Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/information-systems.md) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| [Tourism and Hospitality](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/tourism-and-hospitality.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| All categories | 20 | 18 | 31 | 36 | 33 | 32 | 28 | 12 | 8 | 15 |

## Where the papers come from

*Journals with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Journal | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-pattern-analysis-and-machine-intelligence.md) | 16 |
| 2 | [Nature Machine Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/nature-machine-intelligence.md) | 8 |
| 3 | [International Journal of Computer Vision](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-computer-vision.md) | 7 |
| 4 | [Mathematical Programming](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/mathematical-programming.md) | 3 |
| 5 | [Machine Learning](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/machine-learning.md) | 3 |
| 6 | [AI & Society](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ai-society.md) | 3 |
| 7 | [Neural Networks](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-networks.md) | 2 |
| 8 | [Expert Systems with Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/expert-systems-with-applications.md) | 2 |
| 9 | [Mathematical Programming Computation](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/mathematical-programming-computation.md) | 2 |
| 10 | [Artificial Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/artificial-intelligence.md) | 1 |

*Institutions with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Institution | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | Harvard University | 4 |
| 2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | 4 |
| 3 | Georgia Institute of Technology | 3 |
| 4 | Google DeepMind (United Kingdom) | 3 |
| 5 | Meta (United States) | 3 |
| 6 | University of California, Merced | 3 |
| 7 | University of Cambridge | 3 |
| 8 | University of Washington | 3 |
| 9 | Washington University in St. Louis | 3 |

*Countries with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Country | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | United States | 63 |
| 2 | China | 16 |
| 3 | United Kingdom | 9 |
| 4 | Canada | 6 |
| 5 | Germany | 5 |
| 6 | France | 5 |
| 7 | South Korea | 5 |
| 8 | Australia | 4 |
| 9 | Hong Kong | 4 |
| 10 | Switzerland | 3 |

*Keywords with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Keyword | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [large language models](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/large-language-models.md) | 4 |
| 2 | adversarial robustness | 3 |
| 3 | [explainable AI](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/explainable-ai.md) | 3 |
| 4 | neural radiance fields | 3 |
| 5 | object detection | 3 |
| 6 | [reinforcement learning](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/reinforcement-learning.md) | 3 |
| 7 | 3D Gaussian Splatting | 2 |
| 8 | adversarial training | 2 |
| 9 | deep learning | 2 |
| 10 | depth estimation | 2 |

## Most-cited papers

*Most-cited papers since 2017*

| # | Citations | Per month | Title | Journal | Published | Authors |
|---:|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 22,385 | 196.1 | [DeepLab: Semantic Image Segmentation with Deep Convolutional Nets, Atrous Convolution, and Fully Connected CRFs](https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2017.2699184) | [IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-pattern-analysis-and-machine-intelligence.md) | 2017-04-27 | Liang-Chieh Chen, George Papandreou, Iasonas Kokkinos et al. |
| 2 | 3,239 | 50.2 | [Temporal Fusion Transformers for interpretable multi-horizon time series forecasting](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2021.03.012) | [International Journal of Forecasting](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-forecasting.md) | 2021-06-16 | Bryan Y. Lim, Sercan Ö. Arık, Nicolas Loeff et al. |
| 3 | 2,769 | 42.4 | [A review of uncertainty quantification in deep learning: Techniques, applications and challenges](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2021.05.008) | [Information Fusion](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/information-fusion.md) | 2021-05-23 | Moloud Abdar, Farhad Pourpanah, Sadiq Hussain et al. |
| 4 | 2,325 | 36.4 | [ProtTrans: Toward Understanding the Language of Life Through Self-Supervised Learning](https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2021.3095381) | [IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-pattern-analysis-and-machine-intelligence.md) | 2021-07-07 | Ahmed Elnaggar, Michael Heinzinger, Christian Dallago et al. |
| 5 | 1,823 | 31.5 | [Image Super-Resolution Via Iterative Refinement](https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2022.3204461) | [IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-pattern-analysis-and-machine-intelligence.md) | 2022-01-01 | Chitwan Saharia, Jonathan Ho, William Chan et al. |
| 6 | 1,400 | 15.1 | [Video Enhancement with Task-Oriented Flow](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-018-01144-2) | [International Journal of Computer Vision](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-computer-vision.md) | 2019-02-12 | Tianfan Xue, Baian Chen, Jiajun Wu et al. |
| 7 | 743 | 14.0 | [KITTI-360: A Novel Dataset and Benchmarks for Urban Scene Understanding in 2D and 3D](https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2022.3179507) | [IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-pattern-analysis-and-machine-intelligence.md) | 2022-06-01 | Yiyi Liao, Jun Xie, Andreas Geiger |
| 8 | 712 | 9.3 | [Rethinking RGB-D Salient Object Detection: Models, Data Sets, and Large-Scale Benchmarks](https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2020.2996406) | [IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-neural-networks-and-learning-systems.md) | 2020-06-03 | Deng-Ping Fan, Lin Liu Zheng, Zhao Zhang et al. |
| 9 | 657 | 9.9 | [Challenges of real-world reinforcement learning: definitions, benchmarks and analysis](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-021-05961-4) | [Machine Learning](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/machine-learning.md) | 2021-04-22 | Gabriel Dulac-Arnold, Nir Levine, Daniel J. Mankowitz et al. |
| 10 | 541 | 9.9 | [Learning Enriched Features for Fast Image Restoration and Enhancement](https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2022.3167175) | [IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-pattern-analysis-and-machine-intelligence.md) | 2022-04-13 | Syed Waqas Zamir, Aditya Arora, Salman Hameed Khan et al. |

## Who cites its research

*Institutions whose papers cite it most, since 2023*

| # | Institution | Kind | Country | Links |
|---:|---|---|---|---:|
| 1 | [Chinese Academy of Sciences](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/chinese-academy-of-sciences.md) | Government | China | 100 |
| 2 | [Tsinghua University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/tsinghua-university.md) | University | China | 85 |
| 3 | [Peking University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/peking-university.md) | University | China | 59 |
| 4 | [Harbin Institute of Technology](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/harbin-institute-of-technology.md) | University | China | 59 |
| 5 | [Wuhan University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/wuhan-university.md) | University | China | 59 |
| 6 | [University of Chinese Academy of Sciences](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-chinese-academy-of-sciences.md) | University | China | 56 |
| 7 | [Zhejiang University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/zhejiang-university.md) | University | China | 52 |
| 8 | Northwestern Polytechnical University | University | China | 50 |
| 9 | [Beihang University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/beihang-university.md) | University | China | 49 |
| 10 | [Shanghai Jiao Tong University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/shanghai-jiao-tong-university.md) | University | China | 48 |

## What its papers cite

*Institutions its papers cite most, since 2023*

| # | Institution | Kind | Country | Links |
|---:|---|---|---|---:|
| 1 | University of Oxford | University | United Kingdom | 6 |
| 2 | Technische Universität Berlin | University | Germany | 6 |
| 3 | [Tsinghua University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/tsinghua-university.md) | University | China | 6 |
| 4 | University of Central Florida | University | United States | 5 |
| 5 | ETH Zurich | University | Switzerland | 5 |
| 6 | University of California, Merced | University | United States | 4 |
| 7 | Yonsei University | University | South Korea | 4 |
| 8 | Korea University | University | South Korea | 4 |
| 9 | Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute | Research facility | Germany | 4 |

More: https://scholar4ai.com/corporate-citations.md · https://scholar4ai.com/industry-university.md

## Cite this page

Scholar4AI. (2026). Google (United States). Journal Research Rankings. Retrieved October 31, 2026, from https://scholar4ai.com/companies/google-united-states

```bibtex
@misc{scholar4ai-companies-google-united-states,
  author = {{Scholar4AI}},
  title = {Google (United States)},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://scholar4ai.com/companies/google-united-states}},
  urldate = {2026-10-31},
  note = {Journal Research Rankings; data from OpenAlex (CC0); licensed CC BY-NC 4.0}
}
```

License: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).