---
title: "Image classification benchmarks datasets"
description: "Datasets in the category “Image classification benchmarks” were mentioned in 60 papers in the last 30 days (2026-09-27 to 2026-10-26), ranking #3 of the 58 data categories mentioned."
url: https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/image-classification-benchmarks
markdown_url: https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/image-classification-benchmarks.md
license: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
share_text: "Datasets in the category “Image classification benchmarks” were mentioned in 60 papers in the last 30 days (2026-09-27 to 2026-10-26), ranking #3 of the 58 data categories mentioned."
data_url: https://scholar4ai.com/data/rankings.json
updated: 2026-10-26T14:32:25+09:00
window: 2026-09-27 to 2026-10-26
source: OpenAlex (CC0)
---

# Image classification benchmarks

Labelled image collections used to train and compare image classifiers.

- 6 papers in the last 7 days
- 7 of its 7 datasets mentioned

Back to the ranking: https://scholar4ai.com/rankings/datasets.md

## Key findings

- Datasets in the category “Image classification benchmarks” were mentioned in 60 papers in the last 30 days (2026-09-27 to 2026-10-26), ranking #3 of the 58 data categories mentioned.
- The most-mentioned were ImageNet (31), CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100 (29), MNIST / Fashion-MNIST (22), Fine-grained benchmarks (CUB-200, Stanford Cars, Oxford Flowers) (5) and SVHN (5).
- By journal category: AI (58), Finance (1) and Management (1).
- Most of them appeared in Pattern Recognition (10), Neural Networks (10) and Neural Computing and Applications (8).

## Datasets

*Datasets in this category · 2026-09-27 – 2026-10-26 (30 days)*

| Dataset | Papers | Last 7 days | Names searched for |
|---|---:|---:|---|
| ImageNet | 31 | 5 | ImageNet, ILSVRC |
| CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100 | 29 | 1 | CIFAR, CIFAR10, CIFAR100 |
| MNIST / Fashion-MNIST | 22 | 1 | MNIST |
| Fine-grained benchmarks (CUB-200, Stanford Cars, Oxford Flowers) | 5 | 1 | CUB-200, Caltech-UCSD Birds, Stanford Cars, Oxford Flowers, Oxford-IIIT Pet, FGVC-Aircraft |
| SVHN | 5 | 0 | SVHN, Street View House Numbers |
| Caltech-101 / 256 | 4 | 0 | Caltech-101, Caltech-256, Caltech101, Caltech256 |
| Domain adaptation benchmarks (Office-31, Office-Home, VisDA, DomainNet) | 4 | 1 | Office-31, Office-Home, OfficeHome, VisDA, DomainNet |

## Papers

*Papers mentioning these datasets, newest first. Newest 50 of 60 papers; all of them are in /data/papers.json.*

| Date | Title | Journal | Authors | Affiliations | Datasets mentioned |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-23 | [From pixels to profits: trading arbitrage portfolios based on image representations](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11408-026-00507-x) | [Financial markets and portfolio management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/financial-markets-and-portfolio-management.md) | Niklas Paluszkiewicz | Universität Ulm | ImageNet |
| 2026-10-22 | [Zero-Shot Domain Generalization via Domain Prompt Learning](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-026-03088-4) | [International Journal of Computer Vision](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-computer-vision.md) | Shiming Chen, Shuhuang Chen, Salman Khan et al. | Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Australian National University; … | ImageNet, Domain adaptation benchmarks (Office-31, Office-Home, VisDA, DomainNet) |
| 2026-10-21 | [InfoDisent: Explainability of image classification models by information disentanglement](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2026.117169) | [Knowledge-Based Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/knowledge-based-systems.md) | Łukasz Struski, Dawid Rymarczyk, Jacek Tabor |  | ImageNet |
| 2026-10-20 | [Boosting the understanding ability of diffusion model with masked image modeling](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.115123) | [Pattern Recognition](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/pattern-recognition.md) | Jianning Pei, Yingchao Feng, Hanbo Bi et al. | Chinese Academy of Sciences; Aerospace Information Research Institute; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences | ImageNet |
| 2026-10-20 | [Weighted UnLearning from Experience for Improved Spurious Correlation Robustness](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-026-07164-1) | [Machine Learning](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/machine-learning.md) | Jeff Mitchell, Jesus; id_orcid 0000-0002-9574-4138 Martinez-del-Rincon, Niall McLaughlin | Queen's University Belfast | ImageNet, Fine-grained benchmarks (CUB-200, Stanford Cars, Oxford Flowers) |
| 2026-10-20 | [Central description length (CDL) clustering validation index](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2026.104644) | [Artificial Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/artificial-intelligence.md) | Mahdi Shamsi, Soosan Beheshti | McGill University | CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100, MNIST / Fashion-MNIST |
| 2026-10-19 | [KeyMorph: Learning parameter-efficient network activation for deep steganography](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.115155) | [Pattern Recognition](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/pattern-recognition.md) | Fanye Kong, Yu Zheng, Lei Chen et al. | Tsinghua University | ImageNet |
| 2026-10-17 | [CorrCLIPv2: Harnessing Unlabeled Images for Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-026-03027-3) | [International Journal of Computer Vision](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-computer-vision.md) | D H Zhang, Fagui Liu, Quan Tang et al. | South China University of Technology; Peng Cheng Laboratory | ImageNet, Fine-grained benchmarks (CUB-200, Stanford Cars, Oxford Flowers) |
| 2026-10-17 | [Language modeling on tabular data: a survey of foundations, techniques and evolution](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-026-11726-z) | [Artificial Intelligence Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/artificial-intelligence-review.md) | Yucheng Ruan, Xiang Lan, Jingying Ma et al. | National University of Singapore; Institute of Data Science | MNIST / Fashion-MNIST |
| 2026-10-16 | [NISNet: Efficient native dense prediction via symmetric boundary-preserving coupling–decoupling](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.134769) | [Expert Systems with Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/expert-systems-with-applications.md) | Fengjun WU, Kafeng Wang, Xinai Xu et al. | Nanchang Normal University; Jiangxi Normal University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; … | ImageNet |
| 2026-10-16 | [CDCLAP: Efficient distillation framework for zero-shot audio event classification](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2026.109764) | [Neural Networks](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-networks.md) | Fei Chen, Hui Xue, Pengfei Fang | Southeast University | ImageNet |
| 2026-10-15 | [Frequency–spatial dual-domain imperceptible watermarking for robust image datasets copyright protection](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2026.105235) | [Information Processing & Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/information-processing-management.md) | Xiaojie Du, Yedi Chen, Kai Ma et al. | Guizhou Normal University | CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100, MNIST / Fashion-MNIST, Caltech-101 / 256 |
| 2026-10-14 | [A transferable adversarial attack method via Loss Surface Guided Gradient Optimization](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2026.117199) | [Knowledge-Based Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/knowledge-based-systems.md) | Chuan Ye, Xiaoqing Yang, Yunhan Li et al. | Southwest Petroleum University; Sichuan University; Huzhou College | ImageNet, CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100 |
| 2026-10-14 | [Mitigating domain shift in federated learning via intra- and inter-domain prototypes](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.115131) | [Pattern Recognition](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/pattern-recognition.md) | Huy Q. Le, Ye Lin Tun, Yu Qiao et al. | Kyung Hee University; University of Da Nang; Viện Khoa học và Công nghệ số | Domain adaptation benchmarks (Office-31, Office-Home, VisDA, DomainNet) |
| 2026-10-14 | [Dynamic gain neuromodulation attenuates stability gaps during continual joint training](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2026.109767) | [Neural Networks](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-networks.md) | Alejandro Rodriguez-Garcia, Anindya Ghosh, Srikanth Ramaswamy | Newcastle University | ImageNet, CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100, MNIST / Fashion-MNIST |
| 2026-10-13 | [Bootstrap Wasserstein alignment for stable feature attribution in low-data regimes](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2026.117182) | [Knowledge-Based Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/knowledge-based-systems.md) | Mujahidul Islam, Priya Dubey |  | MNIST / Fashion-MNIST |
| 2026-10-13 | [Dual-prompt semantic decoupling and transfer for long-tailed recognition](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2026.109753) | [Neural Networks](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-networks.md) | Xiaohua Chen, Yue Wang, Yanbiao Ma | Communication University of China; Xidian University; Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence; … | ImageNet, CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100 |
| 2026-10-12 | [AS-DQCNN: Angle superposition-augmented decreasing quantum convolutional neural network for image classification](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2026.109741) | [Neural Networks](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-networks.md) | Yanyan Feng, Yan Li, Jie Li et al. | Central South University of Forestry and Technology; Central South University | MNIST / Fashion-MNIST |
| 2026-10-10 | [Variational graph-based semi-supervised learning](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.115073) | [Pattern Recognition](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/pattern-recognition.md) | Sebastian Salwig, Till Kahlke, Jörg Lücke | Universität Innsbruck | CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100, MNIST / Fashion-MNIST |
| 2026-10-09 | [Semantic-Clustered Multimodal Prompt Tuning for long-tailed visual recognition](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2026.117165) | [Knowledge-Based Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/knowledge-based-systems.md) | Binlong Dong, Yuge Xu | South China University of Technology | ImageNet, CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100 |
| 2026-10-09 | [Test-time optimization for domain adaptive open vocabulary segmentation](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2026.109689) | [Neural Networks](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-networks.md) | Ulindu De Silva, Didula Samaraweera, Sasini Wanigathunga et al. | University of Moratuwa; Stony Brook University; Khalifa University of Science and Technology | ImageNet, Fine-grained benchmarks (CUB-200, Stanford Cars, Oxford Flowers) |
| 2026-10-08 | [Learning transferable noise recognizers from training dynamics for robust classification](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.115112) | [Pattern Recognition](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/pattern-recognition.md) | Mengyang Li, Shu Zhou, Jue Lv et al. | Tianjin Normal University | CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100 |
| 2026-10-08 | [Rank and data adaptive low-rank adaptation for 2-bit quantization-aware fine-tuning of ViT](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.115098) | [Pattern Recognition](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/pattern-recognition.md) | Yuning Yang, Guowei Peng, Xiurui Xie et al. | University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Southwestern University of Finance and Economics | ImageNet |
| 2026-10-07 | [CGNC: Confidence-Guided Neighbor Consensus for semi-supervised learning](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2026.117154) | [Knowledge-Based Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/knowledge-based-systems.md) | Ahmed Abbas Jaber, Mengzi Tang, Zhishu Shen et al. | Wuhan University of Technology | ImageNet, CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100, SVHN |
| 2026-10-07 | [When algorithms cannot be fair: constitutive and contingent discrimination and the limits of less-discriminatory alternatives](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-026-03384-0) | [AI & Society](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ai-society.md) | Alfredo Di Giorgio | University of Salento | ImageNet |
| 2026-10-05 | [A dual-time-scale cooperative memory mechanism for spiking neural networks](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2026.109700) | [Neural Networks](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-networks.md) | Junxiu Liu, Zhaoxin Zhang, Qiang Fu et al. | Guangxi Normal University | CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100, MNIST / Fashion-MNIST |
| 2026-10-03 | [Enhancing local robustness with Hölder regularization](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2026.109701) | [Neural Networks](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-networks.md) | Haiyan Li, Dazhi Zhao | Southwest Petroleum University | CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100, MNIST / Fashion-MNIST |
| 2026-10-03 | [Uncertainty quantification for trustworthy deep learning: Methods and measures](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2026.109699) | [Neural Networks](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-networks.md) | H. Martin Gillis, Thomas P. Trappenberg | Dalhousie University | ImageNet, CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100, SVHN |
| 2026-10-01 | [Light-weight Transformer Layers and prediction consistency loss for Source-Free unsupervised Domain Adaptation](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.115176) | [Pattern Recognition](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/pattern-recognition.md) | Yeeun Kim, Gyemin Lee | Seoul National University of Science and Technology | Domain adaptation benchmarks (Office-31, Office-Home, VisDA, DomainNet) |
| 2026-10-01 | [COSMOS: continuous subspace manifold operating system learning as gauge dynamics on the Grassmannian](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-026-12581-3) | [Neural Computing and Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-computing-and-applications.md) | Lucas Battú |  | CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100, MNIST / Fashion-MNIST |
| 2026-10-01 | [SteRGAN: An Improvised Framework based on Generative Adversarial Network for Image Steganography](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-026-12559-1) | [Neural Computing and Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-computing-and-applications.md) | Yatendra Sharma, Gopa Bhaumik | National Institute of Technology Sikkim; National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur | ImageNet |
| 2026-10-01 | [DFedSVRG: Decentralized Federated Learning with Stochastic Variance Reduced Gradient](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.134838) | [Expert Systems with Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/expert-systems-with-applications.md) | Jialong Huang, Jianhua Hu, Qinglun Li et al. | University of Shanghai for Science and Technology; National University of Defense Technology; Shanghai Institute of Computing Technology | ImageNet, CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100 |
| 2026-10-01 | [A Lagrangian-Inspired Force-Based Loss for Deep Metric Learning](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2026.109798) | [Neural Networks](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-networks.md) | Byung Do Cheon, Jeongmin Yu, Jung-Eun Kim et al. | Yonsei University | ImageNet, CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100, Fine-grained benchmarks (CUB-200, Stanford Cars, Oxford Flowers) |
| 2026-10-01 | [OADPC-HSSA: Observation-Aware Dynamic Privacy Control for Federated Learning with Hierarchical Shuffling and Secure Aggregation](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.134828) | [Expert Systems with Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/expert-systems-with-applications.md) | Jianli Xie, Zishan Wu, Bing Bu et al. | Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Beijing Jiaotong University | CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100, MNIST / Fashion-MNIST, SVHN |
| 2026-10-01 | [Increment Vector Transformation for Class Incremental Learning](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.115201) | [Pattern Recognition](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/pattern-recognition.md) | Zihuan Qiu, Yi Xu, Fanman Meng et al. | University of Electronic Science and Technology of China | ImageNet, CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100 |
| 2026-10-01 | [Pre-trained Initialization and Memory-Enhanced Correction for Source-Free Universal Domain Adaptation](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.134794) | [Expert Systems with Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/expert-systems-with-applications.md) | Jianhui Yuan, Shuai Lü, Xinyu Zhang et al. | Jilin University; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University | Domain adaptation benchmarks (Office-31, Office-Home, VisDA, DomainNet) |
| 2026-10-01 | [Privacy protection of multi-source data combined with homomorphic encryption within a federated learning framework](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-026-12594-y) | [Neural Computing and Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-computing-and-applications.md) | Shuhui Wang, Xiaochen Jia | Shandong University of Art and Design; Shandong University | MNIST / Fashion-MNIST |
| 2026-10-01 | [RECE Loss: A Reward-Enhanced Cross Entropy Loss Function for Learning with Noisy Labels](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-026-12500-6) | [Neural Computing and Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-computing-and-applications.md) | Thi Thu Huong Nguyen, Duy Tung Nguyen, Thanh Tung Nguyen et al. | Thuyloi University; CMC University; Hanoi University of Science and Technology; … | CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100, MNIST / Fashion-MNIST |
| 2026-10-01 | [RLAX: A Reinforcement Learning-Based Framework for Explaining Anomalous Data](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-026-07182-z) | [Machine Learning](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/machine-learning.md) | Simone Amirato, Fabrizio Angiulli, Fabio Fassetti | University of Calabria | MNIST / Fashion-MNIST |
| 2026-10-01 | [FedGPA: a multi-level aggregation framework for federated learning with collaborative optimization of generalization and personalization](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-026-07354-3) | [Applied Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/applied-intelligence.md) | Zigang Chen, Haichong Jiang, Deyang Xie et al. | Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications | CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100, MNIST / Fashion-MNIST, SVHN |
| 2026-10-01 | [Class-based many-objective neural architecture search for deep classifiers](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-026-12510-4) | [Neural Computing and Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-computing-and-applications.md) | Guy Mardiks, Adham Salih, Amiram Moshaiov | Tel Aviv University; Braude College of Engineering Karmiel | ImageNet, CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100, MNIST / Fashion-MNIST, Caltech-101 / 256 |
| 2026-10-01 | [Investigations on model compression techniques for convolutional neural networks under noise and hardware constraints](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-026-12556-4) | [Neural Computing and Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-computing-and-applications.md) | Ambati Sai Vikas, Narravula Mukesh, Mallisetty Rathna Kumar et al. | Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham | CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100, MNIST / Fashion-MNIST |
| 2026-10-01 | [AdaEA++: Enhanced Adaptive Model Ensemble Adversarial Attack for Boosting Adversarial Transferability](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-026-03054-0) | [International Journal of Computer Vision](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-computer-vision.md) | Bin Chen, Jia-Li Yin, Bo‐Hao Chen et al. | Minjiang University; Fujian Business University; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security; … | ImageNet |
| 2026-10-01 | [Fix Your Downsampling ASAP! Aliasing and Sinc Artifact Free Pooling in the Fourier Domain](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-026-03005-9) | [International Journal of Computer Vision](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-computer-vision.md) | Julia Grabinski, Steffen Jung, Janis Keuper et al. | Technische Hochschule Mannheim; University of Mannheim; Technische Universität Darmstadt; … | ImageNet, CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100 |
| 2026-10-01 | [DPAS-Net: dynamic prototype alignment and separation network for incomplete data multi-view clustering](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-026-07510-9) | [Applied Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/applied-intelligence.md) | Yufeng Sun, Changming Zhu | Shanghai Maritime University | Caltech-101 / 256 |
| 2026-10-01 | [Collaborative encryption-based machine learning model training method and data protection software system construction](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-026-12383-7) | [Neural Computing and Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-computing-and-applications.md) | Dianqing Bao, Wen Su |  | CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100 |
| 2026-10-01 | [Diffusion-inspired prototypical network for few-shot fine-grained classification](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-026-07509-2) | [Applied Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/applied-intelligence.md) | Jia Min Lim, Kian Ming Lim, Pey Yun Goh et al. | Multimedia University; University of Nottingham Ningbo China | Fine-grained benchmarks (CUB-200, Stanford Cars, Oxford Flowers) |
| 2026-10-01 | [A comprehensive survey on multimodal sentiment analysis: Approaches, challenges and open issues](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2026.103138) | [International Journal of Information Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-information-management.md) | Fatemeh Hemmatian, Arash Sabbaghi, Mohammad Karim Sohrabi | Islamic Azad University Semnan | ImageNet |
| 2026-10-01 | [ANNE: adaptive neuron network expansion for 2D medical image segmentation](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-026-07503-8) | [Applied Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/applied-intelligence.md) | Abel A. Reyes, Sidike Paheding | Michigan Technological University; Fairfield University | ImageNet |
| 2026-10-01 | [On Kernel Eigen-Alignments of KRR: Reconstruction and Generalization](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-026-07177-w) | [Machine Learning](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/machine-learning.md) | Yang Liu, Ernest Fokoue, Richard Lange et al. | Rochester Institute of Technology | CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100, MNIST / Fashion-MNIST |

## Cite this page

Scholar4AI. (2026). Image classification benchmarks. Journal Research Rankings. Retrieved October 26, 2026, from https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/image-classification-benchmarks

```bibtex
@misc{scholar4ai-datasets-image-classification-benchmarks,
  author = {{Scholar4AI}},
  title = {Image classification benchmarks},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/image-classification-benchmarks}},
  urldate = {2026-10-26},
  note = {Journal Research Rankings; data from OpenAlex (CC0); licensed CC BY-NC 4.0}
}
```

License: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).