---
title: "Loughran-McDonald dictionary: papers using it"
description: "From Nov 2023 to Oct 2026, 193 archived papers mentioned Loughran-McDonald dictionary in their title, abstract or keywords (the search of earlier months' full texts is still under way), most of them in Jul 2026 (14)."
url: https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/loughran-mcdonald-dictionary
markdown_url: https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/loughran-mcdonald-dictionary.md
license: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
share_text: "From Nov 2023 to Oct 2026, 193 archived papers mentioned Loughran-McDonald dictionary in their title, abstract or keywords (the search of earlier months' full texts is still under way), most of them in Jul 2026 (14). (as of 2026-11-05)"
data_url: https://scholar4ai.com/data/rankings.json
updated: 2026-11-05T06:02:37+09:00
window: 2026-10-07 to 2026-11-05
source: OpenAlex (CC0)
---

# Loughran-McDonald dictionary

[Browse dataset profiles](https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/directory/page/4.md)

Annual reports and other regulatory filings, earnings calls, and the word lists used to read them.

- data category: Corporate filings and text
- 0 papers in the last 7 days
- Names searched for: Loughran and McDonald, Loughran-McDonald

Most-used data: https://scholar4ai.com/rankings/datasets.md · All Corporate filings and text datasets: https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/corporate-filings-and-text.md



## Key findings

- From Nov 2023 to Oct 2026, 193 archived papers mentioned Loughran-McDonald dictionary in their title, abstract or keywords (the search of earlier months' full texts is still under way), most of them in Jul 2026 (14).
- Loughran-McDonald dictionary was mentioned in 6 papers in the last 30 days (2026-10-07 to 2026-11-05), ranking #51 of the 246 datasets mentioned.
- By journal category: Finance (5) and Management (1).
- Most of them appeared in International Review of Economics & Finance (2), Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity (1) and Financial Innovation (1).
- From 2017 to 2026 (so far), Loughran-McDonald dictionary was mentioned in 197 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in finance (101), accounting (35) and management (22).
- 49 of them were published in 2025, against 0 in 2017.
- Since 2023, the institutions with the most of these papers were Durham University (6), Monash University (6) and Athens University of Economics and Business (5).
- The journals publishing most of them were Review of Accounting Studies (14), Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting (13) and International Review of Economics & Finance (13).
- The most-cited of them is “A scoping review of ChatGPT research in accounting and finance” (International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 2024), with 128 citations.
- Papers use Loughran-McDonald dictionary most often with Twitter / X (61), Earnings call transcripts (56) and Compustat (55); it has 70 partners in the code and data network, in the group around S&P 500, Economic Policy…, Compustat.

## Mentions over 36 months

*Papers mentioning it by publication month, Nov 2023 to Oct 2026 (titles, abstracts and keywords; the full texts of earlier months are still being searched)*

| Trend | Nov 23–Oct 24 | Nov 24–Oct 25 | Nov 25–Oct 26 | 36 months |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|
|  | 65 | 50 | 78 | 193 |

## Papers per year

*Papers per publication year and category*

| Category | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 (so far) |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| [Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/finance.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 33 | 19 | 47 |
| [Accounting](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/accounting.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 14 |
| [Management](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/management.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 6 |
| [Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/economics.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 3 |
| [Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/operations-research.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| [AI](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/ai.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| [Information Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/information-systems.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| [Marketing](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/marketing.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| [Health Economics and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/health-economics-and-policy.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| [Tourism and Hospitality](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/tourism-and-hospitality.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| All categories | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 63 | 49 | 75 |

## Where the papers come from

*Journals with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Journal | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [Review of Accounting Studies](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/review-of-accounting-studies.md) | 14 |
| 2 | [Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/review-of-quantitative-finance-and-accounting.md) | 13 |
| 3 | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | 13 |
| 4 | [International Review of Financial Analysis](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-financial-analysis.md) | 11 |
| 5 | [Journal of Banking & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-banking-finance.md) | 7 |
| 6 | [Financial Innovation](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/financial-innovation.md) | 7 |
| 7 | [Annals of Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/annals-of-operations-research.md) | 6 |
| 8 | [The British Accounting Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/the-british-accounting-review.md) | 6 |
| 9 | [Journal of Corporate Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-corporate-finance.md) | 6 |
| 10 | [Finance research letters](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/finance-research-letters.md) | 6 |

*Institutions with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Institution | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [Durham University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/durham-university.md) | 6 |
| 2 | [Monash University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/monash-university.md) | 6 |
| 3 | Athens University of Economics and Business | 5 |
| 4 | Queen's University Belfast | 5 |
| 5 | [Southwestern University of Finance and Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/southwestern-university-of-finance-and-economics.md) | 5 |
| 6 | [University of Birmingham](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-birmingham.md) | 5 |
| 7 | Ajman University | 4 |
| 8 | Mansoura University | 4 |
| 9 | [Pennsylvania State University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/pennsylvania-state-university.md) | 4 |
| 10 | [Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/rutgers-the-state-university-of-new-jersey.md) | 4 |

*Countries with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Country | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | United Kingdom | 59 |
| 2 | United States | 51 |
| 3 | China | 35 |
| 4 | Germany | 20 |
| 5 | Australia | 18 |
| 6 | Italy | 12 |
| 7 | France | 10 |
| 8 | Turkey | 8 |
| 9 | Canada | 7 |
| 10 | Ireland | 7 |

*Keywords with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Keyword | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [corporate governance](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/corporate-governance.md) | 17 |
| 2 | [sentiment analysis](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/sentiment-analysis.md) | 17 |
| 3 | [information asymmetry](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/information-asymmetry.md) | 15 |
| 4 | [large language models](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/large-language-models.md) | 13 |
| 5 | 10-K filings | 12 |
| 6 | corporate disclosure | 12 |
| 7 | [investor sentiment](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/investor-sentiment.md) | 12 |
| 8 | [stock returns](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/stock-returns.md) | 10 |
| 9 | initial public offerings | 9 |
| 10 | FinBERT | 8 |

## Most-cited papers

*Most-cited papers since 2017*

| # | Citations | Per month | Title | Journal | Published | Authors |
|---:|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 128 | 5.1 | [A scoping review of ChatGPT research in accounting and finance](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2024.100715) | [International Journal of Accounting Information Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-accounting-information-systems.md) | 2024-10-07 | Mengming Dong, Theophanis C. Stratopoulos, Victor Xiaoqi Wang |
| 2 | 115 | 3.6 | [Sentiment trading with large language models](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105227) | [Finance research letters](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/finance-research-letters.md) | 2024-03-15 | Kemal Kirtac, Guido Germano |
| 3 | 64 | 1.9 | [Analysis of customer reviews with an improved VADER lexicon classifier](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-023-00861-x) | [Journal Of Big Data](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-big-data.md) | 2024-01-07 | Kousik Barik, Sanjay Misra |
| 4 | 64 | 2.4 | [Climate change exposure, financial development, and the cost of debt: Evidence from EU countries](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2024.101315) | [Journal of Financial Stability](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-financial-stability.md) | 2024-08-03 | Vu Quang Trinh, Hai Hong Trinh, Teng Li et al. |
| 5 | 63 | 2.2 | [Selecting textual analysis tools to classify sustainability information in corporate reporting](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2024.114269) | [Decision Support Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/decision-support-systems.md) | 2024-06-12 | Frederik Maibaum, Johannes Kriebel, J. Nils Foege |

## Used together with

Papers use Loughran-McDonald dictionary most often with Twitter / X (61), Earnings call transcripts (56) and Compustat (55); it has 70 partners in the code and data network, in the group around S&P 500, Economic Policy…, Compustat.

*What papers use Loughran-McDonald dictionary together with (at least 3 papers; lift 1 = chance)*

| Used with | Type | Papers using both | Lift |
|---|---|---:|---:|
| [Twitter / X](https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/twitter-x.md) | Dataset | 61 | 3.4 |
| [Earnings call transcripts](https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/earnings-call-transcripts.md) | Dataset | 56 | 50.2 |
| [Compustat](https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/compustat.md) | Dataset | 55 | 21.2 |
| [10-K filings](https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/10-k-filings.md) | Dataset | 47 | 40.3 |
| [CRSP](https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/crsp.md) | Dataset | 46 | 26.2 |
| [S&P 500](https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/s-p-500.md) | Dataset | 31 | 3.3 |
| [Economic Policy Uncertainty index](https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/economic-policy-uncertainty-index.md) | Dataset | 27 | 2.7 |
| [I/B/E/S](https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/i-b-e-s.md) | Dataset | 24 | 23.1 |
| [Refinitiv Eikon / LSEG Workspace](https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/refinitiv-eikon-lseg-workspace.md) | Dataset | 24 | 15.4 |
| [Facebook](https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/facebook.md) | Dataset | 21 | 1.7 |
| [CSMAR](https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/csmar.md) | Dataset | 20 | 11.1 |
| [Baker-Wurgler investor sentiment](https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/baker-wurgler-investor-sentiment.md) | Dataset | 19 | 28.3 |

The whole network: https://scholar4ai.com/code/network.md

## Papers

*Papers mentioning Loughran-McDonald dictionary in the last 30 days, newest first.*

| Date | Title | Journal | Authors | Affiliations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-27 | [Governance Complexity Index (GCI) Pakistan: Quantifying Organizational Structure Capacity](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2026.100895) | [Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-open-innovation-technology-market-and-complexity.md) | Asif Iqbal, Rafia Haider, Imran Ali Sultan et al. | Urban Unit; Government of Punjab; Government of Pakistan; … |
| 2026-10-16 | [Public technical disclosure of AI implementation in finance: Python-framed evidence from 253 NYSE-listed financial companies](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-026-00979-w) | [Financial Innovation](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/financial-innovation.md) | Veliota Drakopoulou | Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach Florida Campus; Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Worldwide & Online; Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University |
| 2026-10-15 | [Corporate board oversight and disclosure complexity](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2026.110926) | [Finance research letters](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/finance-research-letters.md) | Habeeb Yahya, Toufiq Nazrul | University of Turku; Washburn University |
| 2026-10-15 | [Scripted and unscripted disclosure: Tone in Brazilian earnings calls and short-window market reactions](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105952) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Rodrigo Dos Reis Maia, Jorge Miguel Bravo | Universidade Nova de Lisboa |
| 2026-10-13 | [Can central bankers' talk predict bank stock returns? A machine learning approach](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2026.105465) | [International Review of Financial Analysis](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-financial-analysis.md) | Apostolos G. Katsafados, George N. Leledakis, Nikolaos P. Panagiotou et al. | Athens University of Economics and Business; University College Dublin |
| 2026-10-09 | [Executive sustainability cognition and corporate innovation: Evidence from China](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105961) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Qian Cheng, Yuhao Yang, Jianyu Zhao | Renmin University of China; Macquarie University; Central University of Finance and Economics |

## Cite this page

Scholar4AI. (2026). Loughran-McDonald dictionary. Journal and Conference Research Rankings. Retrieved November 5, 2026, from https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/loughran-mcdonald-dictionary

```bibtex
@misc{scholar4ai-datasets-loughran-mcdonald-dictionary,
  author = {{Scholar4AI}},
  title = {Loughran-McDonald dictionary},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/loughran-mcdonald-dictionary}},
  urldate = {2026-11-05},
  note = {Journal and Conference Research Rankings; data from OpenAlex (CC0); licensed CC BY-NC 4.0}
}
```

License: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).