---
title: "Average variance extracted (AVE): formula and example"
description: "Average variance extracted (AVE) explained: variables, a worked example, related methods and assumptions. Convergent validity: the average share of its indicators' variance that a construct explains (0.5 or more is the usual bar)."
url: https://scholar4ai.com/equations/average-variance-extracted-ave
markdown_url: https://scholar4ai.com/equations/average-variance-extracted-ave.md
license: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
share_text: "Average variance extracted (AVE) explained: variables, a worked example, related methods and assumptions. (as of 2026-11-05)"
data_url: https://scholar4ai.com/data/rankings.json
updated: 2026-11-05T06:02:37+09:00
window: 2026-10-07 to 2026-11-05
source: OpenAlex (CC0)
---

# Average variance extracted (AVE)

$$
AVE = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{k} \lambda_i^2}{k}
$$

Convergent validity: the average share of its indicators' variance that a construct explains (0.5 or more is the usual bar).

- area: Measurement reliability and validity
- 0 papers in the last 7 days
- Names searched for: average variance extracted, AVE

Back to the ranking: https://scholar4ai.com/rankings/equations.md

## Variables and notation

lambda_i are standardized loadings and k the indicator count; AVE is average squared loading in this standardized, unit-variance indicator form.

## Worked example

For loadings (0.8,0.6), AVE=(0.64+0.36)/2=0.5.

## Related methods and when to use them

AVE describes variance captured by a construct; composite reliability also reflects combining indicators. The shortcut assumes standardized indicators and the appropriate measurement model; correlated errors require care.

## Sources and further reading

- [Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error](https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104)

Examples use illustrative inputs, not observed research results. Logarithms are natural unless stated otherwise. Guide updated 2026-11-05. Prepared by Scholar4AI. [Editorial and verification policy](/editorial-policy).

## Key findings

- Average variance extracted (AVE) was mentioned in 31 papers in the last 30 days (2026-10-07 to 2026-11-05), ranking #49 of the 248 equations and models mentioned.
- By journal category: Management (11), Marketing (5), Information Systems (4), Finance (2), Tourism and Hospitality (2), Operations Research (2), Health Economics and Policy (2), Economics (1), Higher Education and Research (1) and AI (1).
- Most of them appeared in Future Business Journal (5), Corporate Reputation Review (2) and Health and Quality of Life Outcomes (2).
- Often mentioned together with Structural equation modeling (SEM) (28), Composite reliability (28) and Cronbach's alpha (25).
- Datasets named in the same papers: Facebook (4), LinkedIn (3) and Amazon Mechanical Turk (3).
- From Nov 2023 to Oct 2026, 1,306 archived papers mentioned Average variance extracted (AVE) in their title, abstract, keywords or full text, most of them in Jul 2026 (75).
- From 2017 to 2026 (so far), Average variance extracted (AVE) was mentioned in 1,339 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in management (661), higher education and research (134) and marketing (131).
- 386 of them were published in 2025, against 1 in 2017.
- Since 2023, the institutions with the most of these papers were University of Birmingham (29), University of Vaasa (27) and University of Johannesburg (25).
- The journals publishing most of them were Future Business Journal (151), Journal of Innovation & Knowledge (75) and Journal of Business Research (61).
- The most-cited of them is “CB-SEM vs PLS-SEM methods for research in social sciences and technology forecasting” (Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2021), with 2,497 citations.

## Mentions over 36 months

*Papers mentioning it by publication month, Nov 2023 to Oct 2026 (titles, abstracts, keywords and full texts)*

| Trend | Nov 23–Oct 24 | Nov 24–Oct 25 | Nov 25–Oct 26 | 36 months |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|
|  | 392 | 413 | 501 | 1,306 |

## Papers per year

*Papers per publication year and category*

| Category | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 (so far) |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| [Management](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/management.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 47 | 180 | 207 | 226 |
| [Higher Education and Research](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/higher-education-and-research.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 41 | 44 | 42 |
| [Marketing](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/marketing.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 45 | 31 | 47 |
| [Information Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/information-systems.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 32 | 26 | 47 |
| [Tourism and Hospitality](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/tourism-and-hospitality.md) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 11 | 22 | 35 |
| [Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/operations-research.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 21 | 16 | 17 |
| [Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/economics.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 12 | 11 | 17 |
| [Health Economics and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/health-economics-and-policy.md) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 10 | 10 | 6 |
| [Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/finance.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 5 | 11 |
| [Accounting](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/accounting.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 9 |
| [Statistics](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/statistics.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 10 |
| [AI](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/ai.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| All categories | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 101 | 370 | 386 | 471 |

## Where the papers come from

*Journals with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Journal | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [Future Business Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/future-business-journal.md) | 151 |
| 2 | [Journal of Innovation & Knowledge](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-innovation-knowledge.md) | 75 |
| 3 | [Journal of Business Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-research.md) | 61 |
| 4 | [Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-innovation-and-entrepreneurship.md) | 56 |
| 5 | [Education and Information Technologies](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/education-and-information-technologies.md) | 52 |
| 6 | [International Journal of Hospitality Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-hospitality-management.md) | 40 |
| 7 | [Review of Managerial Science](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/review-of-managerial-science.md) | 32 |
| 8 | [Technological Forecasting and Social Change](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technological-forecasting-and-social-change.md) | 30 |
| 9 | [International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-entrepreneurship-and-management-journal.md) | 30 |
| 10 | [Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-retailing-and-consumer-services.md) | 29 |

*Institutions with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Institution | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [University of Birmingham](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-birmingham.md) | 29 |
| 2 | [University of Vaasa](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-vaasa.md) | 27 |
| 3 | [University of Johannesburg](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-johannesburg.md) | 25 |
| 4 | [Universitat de València](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/universitat-de-valencia.md) | 20 |
| 5 | University of Aberdeen | 16 |
| 6 | [Lancaster University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/lancaster-university.md) | 15 |
| 7 | Nottingham Trent University | 15 |
| 8 | Sunway University | 15 |
| 9 | [University of Reading](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-reading.md) | 15 |
| 10 | [Swinburne University of Technology](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/swinburne-university-of-technology.md) | 14 |

*Countries with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Country | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | United Kingdom | 300 |
| 2 | Spain | 155 |
| 3 | China | 144 |
| 4 | United States | 133 |
| 5 | Australia | 116 |
| 6 | Germany | 89 |
| 7 | India | 80 |
| 8 | Italy | 76 |
| 9 | Malaysia | 71 |
| 10 | Finland | 68 |

*Keywords with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Keyword | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [moderating effect](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/moderating-effect.md) | 87 |
| 2 | [mediating effect](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/mediating-effect.md) | 86 |
| 3 | [small and medium-sized enterprises](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/small-and-medium-sized-enterprises.md) | 80 |
| 4 | [dynamic capabilities](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/dynamic-capabilities.md) | 72 |
| 5 | [perceived usefulness](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/perceived-usefulness.md) | 61 |
| 6 | [technology acceptance](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/technology-acceptance.md) | 60 |
| 7 | [technology adoption](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/technology-adoption.md) | 59 |
| 8 | [behavioral intention](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/behavioral-intention.md) | 56 |
| 9 | [digital transformation](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/digital-transformation.md) | 56 |
| 10 | [university students](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/university-students.md) | 54 |

## Most-cited papers

*Most-cited papers since 2017*

| # | Citations | Per month | Title | Journal | Published | Authors |
|---:|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2,497 | 39.7 | [CB-SEM vs PLS-SEM methods for research in social sciences and technology forecasting](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121092) | [Technological Forecasting and Social Change](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technological-forecasting-and-social-change.md) | 2021-08-09 | Ganesh Dash, Justin Paul |
| 2 | 476 | 13.5 | [Students’ Acceptance of ChatGPT in Higher Education: An Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-023-09686-1) | [Innovative Higher Education](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/innovative-higher-education.md) | 2023-11-30 | Artur Strzelecki |
| 3 | 273 | 10.0 | [ChatGPT awareness, acceptance, and adoption in higher education: the role of trust as a cornerstone](https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-024-00478-x) | [International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-educational-technology-in-higher-education.md) | 2024-07-30 | Muhammad Farrukh Shahzad, Shuo Xu, Iqra Javed |
| 4 | 262 | 8.0 | [Factors affecting performance expectancy and intentions to use ChatGPT: Using SmartPLS to advance an information technology acceptance framework](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123247) | [Technological Forecasting and Social Change](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technological-forecasting-and-social-change.md) | 2024-02-06 | Mark Anthony Camilleri |
| 5 | 247 | 7.3 | [Students' digital technology attitude, literacy and self-efficacy and their effect on online learning engagement](https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00437-y) | [International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-educational-technology-in-higher-education.md) | 2024-01-14 | Seyum Tekeher Getenet, Robert Cantle, Petrea Redmond et al. |
| 6 | 239 | 7.7 | [Examining artificial intelligence literacy among pre-service teachers for future classrooms](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100179) | [Computers and Education Open](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computers-and-education-open.md) | 2024-04-10 | Musa Adekunle Ayanwale, Owolabi Paul Adelana, Rethabile Rosemary Molefi et al. |
| 7 | 218 | 6.4 | [Human versus virtual influences, a comparative study](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114493) | [Journal of Business Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-research.md) | 2024-01-08 | Daniel Belanche, Luis V. Casaló, Marta Flavián |
| 8 | 210 | 6.1 | [Green knowledge management: A key driver of green technology innovation and sustainable performance in the construction organizations](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100455) | [Journal of Innovation & Knowledge](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-innovation-knowledge.md) | 2023-12-22 | Ali Khan, Khalid Mehmood, Ho Kwong Kwan |
| 9 | 192 | 5.5 | [An expectancy value theory (EVT) based instrument for measuring student perceptions of generative AI](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00284-4) | [Smart Learning Environments](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/smart-learning-environments.md) | 2023-12-07 | Cecilia Ka Yuk Chan, Wenxin Zhou |
| 10 | 180 | 7.2 | [Determinants of digital technology adoption in innovative SMEs](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100610) | [Journal of Innovation & Knowledge](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-innovation-knowledge.md) | 2024-10-01 | Faiz Faiz, Viet Le, Eryadi Kordi Masli |

Archive counts by publication year: a paper counts when its title, abstract or keywords name the equation, or when OpenAlex's full-text search finds it there (searched for the last 30 days' papers and, by a pass over the past years, for older ones). Names added to the list later are looked for in older papers as the archive is read again.

*Papers mentioning Average variance extracted (AVE), newest first.*

| Date | Title | Journal | Authors | Affiliations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-29 | [FinTech adoption and perceived banking performance in emerging Asian economies: Regional heterogeneity in managerial perceptions across Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Indonesia](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.106006) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Samir Alamad | Coventry University |
| 2026-10-29 | [Measuring conscious capitalism practices: development and validation of a scale](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12232-026-00556-8) | [International Review of Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics.md) | Ronaldo de Lucio, Maria Luísa Mendes Teixeira, Isabel Cristina Panziera Marques | Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; São Paulo State Technological College; University of Lisbon; … |
| 2026-10-28 | [Corporate Digital Responsibility Communication, Stakeholder Engagement, and Public Trust in AI: The Mediating Roles of Bias Remediation and Organizational Responsiveness](https://doi.org/10.1057/s41299-026-00280-7) | [Corporate Reputation Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/corporate-reputation-review.md) | Joon Soo Lim, Chunsik Lee, Junga Kim et al. | Syracuse University; University of North Florida; Texas Tech University |
| 2026-10-28 | [How immersive experiences carry over across the customer journey: A two-stage study of virtual reality in heritage tourism](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2026.101179) | [Journal of Destination Marketing & Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-destination-marketing-management.md) | Matteo Lorandi, Marco Mandolfo, Giuliano Noci | Politecnico di Milano |
| 2026-10-27 | [Dirty by design? Gig work challenges, stigma, and identity threat in crowdwork](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116628) | [Journal of Business Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-research.md) | Ward van Zoonen, Monika E. von Bonsdorff, Marjo Elisa Siltaoja | Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Jyväskylä |
| 2026-10-27 | [The customer is always king! Exploring how service experiences, identity fit, and social media shape customer satisfaction and loyalty in the café sector](https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-026-00553-4) | [Journal of Marketing Analytics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-marketing-analytics.md) | Tat‐Huei Cham, Boon Liat Cheng, Wang Bo et al. | Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation; Văn Hiến University; MILA University; … |
| 2026-10-25 | [From consumer skepticism to voluntary simplicity: understanding the drivers of reduced consumption in an emerging economy](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-026-01028-9) | [Future Business Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/future-business-journal.md) | Iftikhar Ahmad, Sabah Younus, Muhammad Awais Khalid et al. | National College of Business Administration and Economics; National University of Modern Languages; NFC Institute of Engineering and Technology |
| 2026-10-23 | [What drives microfinance adoption among rural MSMES? a configurational FSQCA approach](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-026-01031-0) | [Future Business Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/future-business-journal.md) | Jaratin Lily, Mori Kogid, Debbra Toria Nipo et al. | Universiti of Malaysia Sabah; Universiti Teknologi MARA |
| 2026-10-22 | [Turning adversity into opportunity: Managerial interventions and employee responses to observed customer mistreatment](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2026.104939) | [International Journal of Hospitality Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-hospitality-management.md) | Xiaowen Hu, Hongmin Yan, Siran Zhan | Queensland University of Technology; University of Manchester; Aston University; … |
| 2026-10-22 | [From ride acceptance to premium payment: A value-based study of air taxi service adoption](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2026.101927) | [Research in Transportation Business & Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/research-in-transportation-business-management.md) | Wenjuan Liu, Guanqiu Qi, Xueqin Wang et al. | Shandong University; Chung-Ang University |
| 2026-10-21 | [Individual Resilience as Human Capital Stock: Neighborhood Social Capital, Environmental Perceptions, and Dynamic Pathways Across COVID-19 Phases](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-026-09795-2) | [Networks and Spatial Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/networks-and-spatial-economics.md) | Rui Sun, Yiming Wang | University of Bristol; University College London |
| 2026-10-21 | [Only When All is Good: The Fragility of Reputation After Wrongdoing](https://doi.org/10.1057/s41299-026-00273-6) | [Corporate Reputation Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/corporate-reputation-review.md) | Zheng Cheng, Karl Kammerer, Reha Karadag et al. | University of Northern Iowa; University of Minnesota, Duluth; University of Nebraska–Lincoln |
| 2026-10-21 | [Investigating the determinants of gaming app disengagement: A mixed methods–grounded theory approach](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2026.104455) | [Information & Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/information-management.md) | Haroon Iqbal Maseeh, Charles Jebarajakirthy | Griffith University; Sunway University |
| 2026-10-20 | [Consumer innovativeness and purchase behaviour in AI-enabled voice commerce: parallel mediation by attitude and trust](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-026-01027-w) | [Future Business Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/future-business-journal.md) | Jyoti Sharma, Shabnam Gulati, Jamal Akhtar Khan et al. | Lovely Professional University; Chandigarh University; Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University |
| 2026-10-20 | [Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the Social Integration in Later Life Scale among older adults with disability](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-026-02651-4) | [Health and Quality of Life Outcomes](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/health-and-quality-of-life-outcomes.md) | Qing Wang, Xiaoting Huang, Huang Chongmei et al. | Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Central South University; Ningxia Medical University |
| 2026-10-19 | [Cryptocurrency and initial trust formation: an empirical investigation into the dynamics of willingness to use in financial transactions](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-026-00926-9) | [Financial Innovation](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/financial-innovation.md) | Ahmed Geebren | Tobruk University |
| 2026-10-17 | [Technology adoption among silver tourists: A cross-cultural configurational comparison of Greece and the United Kingdom](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2026.103745) | [Technovation](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technovation.md) | Andrea Caputo, Seckin Celik, Christina Karadimitriou et al. | York St John University; University of Trento; University of Johannesburg; … |
| 2026-10-17 | [Development and COSMIN-based psychometric evaluation of the activities of daily living questionnaire for elderly iranian patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ADLEC): a sequential exploratory mixed-methods study using hybrid concept analysis](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-026-02655-0) | [Health and Quality of Life Outcomes](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/health-and-quality-of-life-outcomes.md) | Fateme Monjazebi, Asghar Dalvandi, Fereshteh Najafi et al. | Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences; Zahedan University of Medical Sciences |
| 2026-10-15 | [How Concern About War and Finances Shapes Consumer Well-being: Evidence From Finland](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-026-09635-3) | [Journal of Consumer Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-consumer-policy.md) | Jannica Nyman, Essi Pöyry, Samuel Piha | University of Turku; University of Helsinki |
| 2026-10-15 | [Integrated cognitive processing model of phishing detection: Mood state as moderating factor in the mindful cognition mediated detection process](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2026.103143) | [International Journal of Information Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-information-management.md) | Debalina Bera, Arindam Majumder, Dan Jong Kim | University of North Carolina at Greensboro; University of North Texas |
| 2026-10-15 | [Artificial intelligence is not enough to enhance organizational performance](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2026.124917) | [Technological Forecasting and Social Change](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technological-forecasting-and-social-change.md) | Michael Wang | Kingston University London; City St George's, University of London; University College London |
| 2026-10-14 | [Perform together: gaining growth momentum in SMEs through employee involvement](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-026-01260-3) | [International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-entrepreneurship-and-management-journal.md) | Paul Geuvers, Erik Stam, Samuele Murtinu | Utrecht University |
| 2026-10-14 | [ChatGPT’s feedback credibility and students’ perceived learning: the role of agent-related social perceptions](https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-026-00629-2) | [International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-educational-technology-in-higher-education.md) | Raúl Pérez‐López, Rubén González-Vallejo, Laura Lucia‐Palacios et al. | Universidad de Zaragoza; Universidad de Málaga; CUNEF Universidad |
| 2026-10-13 | [Digital financial inclusion and SME performance: a structural equation modeling analysis of FinTech adoption impact in emerging markets](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-026-01024-z) | [Future Business Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/future-business-journal.md) | Rodrigo Bochner |  |
| 2026-10-12 | [Examining determinants of cloud analytics adoption in SMEs](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-026-00744-7) | [Information Systems and e-Business Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/information-systems-and-e-business-management.md) | Benedict Langer, Alex Feld | Technical University of Munich |
| 2026-10-11 | [Tender negotiation and project procurement performance: examining the moderating role of supply market intelligence in World Bank financed projects](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-026-01025-y) | [Future Business Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/future-business-journal.md) | Jackson William Musiba, Victoria Makuya, Faustine Panga | The University of Dodoma; Moshi Co-operative University |
| 2026-10-10 | [Decoding fairness: Unveiling the cognitive processes that determine pay rises and promotions](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2026.104299) | [Journal of Vocational Behavior](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-vocational-behavior.md) | Gabriele Boccoli, Benedetta Colaiacovo, Francesco Candia et al. | Politecnico di Milano; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore |
| 2026-10-08 | [Chatbot service quality in omnichannel retailing: Effects of ChatbotSQ on decision confidence and customer behavior](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2026.105151) | [Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-retailing-and-consumer-services.md) | Fatimah Ali Abbas, Jamie Carlson, Syed Mahmudur Rahman et al. | University of Newcastle Australia; Jazan University; Macquarie University; … |
| 2026-10-08 | [AI capability and product innovation intensity: Driving B2B marketing innovation under varying levels of market turbulence](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2026.103737) | [Technovation](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technovation.md) | Nisreen Ameen, Jun‐Hwa Cheah, Senmao Xia et al. | Royal Holloway University of London; University of Reading; University of East Anglia; … |
| 2026-10-07 | [From search results to generative answers: A mixed-methods study of credibility assessment and trust formation in AI Overviews](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2026.105211) | [Information Processing & Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/information-processing-management.md) | Yolanda Casermeiro-Corpas, Francisco Rejón‐Guardia, María Vallespín Arán et al. | Universidad de Málaga |
| 2026-10-07 | [Generative AI as a social partner for young adults: Dual pathways to resilience and AI dependence](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2026.103141) | [International Journal of Information Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-information-management.md) | Yoojin Shin, DongA Jeong, Hyun Chul Kang et al. | Yonsei University |

## Cite this page

Scholar4AI. (2026). Average variance extracted (AVE). Journal and Conference Research Rankings. Retrieved November 5, 2026, from https://scholar4ai.com/equations/average-variance-extracted-ave

```bibtex
@misc{scholar4ai-equations-average-variance-extracted-ave,
  author = {{Scholar4AI}},
  title = {Average variance extracted (AVE)},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://scholar4ai.com/equations/average-variance-extracted-ave}},
  urldate = {2026-11-05},
  note = {Journal and Conference Research Rankings; data from OpenAlex (CC0); licensed CC BY-NC 4.0}
}
```

License: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).