---
title: "Long short-term memory (LSTM): formula and papers"
description: "Long short-term memory (LSTM) was mentioned in 73 papers in the last 30 days (2026-09-27 to 2026-10-26), ranking #11 of the 104 equations and models mentioned."
url: https://scholar4ai.com/equations/long-short-term-memory-lstm
markdown_url: https://scholar4ai.com/equations/long-short-term-memory-lstm.md
license: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
share_text: "Long short-term memory (LSTM) was mentioned in 73 papers in the last 30 days (2026-09-27 to 2026-10-26), ranking #11 of the 104 equations and models mentioned."
data_url: https://scholar4ai.com/data/rankings.json
updated: 2026-10-26T14:52:47+09:00
window: 2026-09-27 to 2026-10-26
source: OpenAlex (CC0)
---

# Long short-term memory (LSTM)

$$
c_t = f_t \odot c_{t-1} + i_t \odot \tilde c_t,\quad h_t = o_t \odot \tanh(c_t)
$$

Recurrent network cell whose gates decide what to keep, add and output at each step.

- area: Machine learning
- 9 papers in the last 7 days
- Names searched for: LSTM, long short-term memory, BiLSTM, Bi-LSTM

Back to the ranking: https://scholar4ai.com/rankings/equations.md

## Key findings

- Long short-term memory (LSTM) was mentioned in 73 papers in the last 30 days (2026-09-27 to 2026-10-26), ranking #11 of the 104 equations and models mentioned.
- By journal category: AI (44), Management (8), Operations Research (8), Economics (7) and Finance (6).
- Most of them appeared in Neural Computing and Applications (12), Applied Intelligence (6) and Computational Economics (5).
- Often mentioned together with Convolutional neural network (CNN) (31), Scaled dot-product attention (Transformer) (30) and Random forest (23).
- Datasets named in the same papers: OR-Library (17), S&P 500 (5) and UCI Machine Learning Repository (4).
- From Oct 2023 to Sep 2026, 1,006 archived papers mentioned Long short-term memory (LSTM) in their title, abstract or keywords, most of them in May 2025 (55).

## Mentions over 36 months

*Papers mentioning it by publication month, Oct 2023 to Sep 2026 (titles, abstracts and keywords)*

| Trend | Oct 23–Sep 24 | Oct 24–Sep 25 | Oct 25–Sep 26 | 36 months |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|
|  | 417 | 524 | 65 | 1,006 |

*Papers mentioning Long short-term memory (LSTM), newest first. Newest 50 of 73 papers; all of them are in /data/papers.json.*

| Date | Title | Journal | Authors | Affiliations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-24 | [Optimal Portfolio Allocation with Gromov-Wasserstein Barycenter](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10614-026-11445-1) | [Computational Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computational-economics.md) | Alessandro Spelta, Nicoló Pecora, Mario Maggi | University of Pavia |
| 2026-10-24 | [A priority-aware dual-channel feature fusion method for urban rail service traffic classification](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-026-07560-z) | [Applied Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/applied-intelligence.md) | Xinpeng Liu, Junhui Zhao, Zhengyuan Wu et al. | Beijing Jiaotong University |
| 2026-10-23 | [Multimodal continual federated learning for human activity recognition: Trends and challenges](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-026-07562-x) | [Applied Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/applied-intelligence.md) | André L. S. Conde, Rodolfo I. Meneguette, Robson E. De Grande et al. | Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science; Brock University |
| 2026-10-23 | [Evaluating machine learning and econometric models for inflation forecasting: evidence from a Sub-Saharan African panel](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-026-01003-4) | [Future Business Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/future-business-journal.md) | Baffour Osei, Abigail Boatemaa, Isaac Nyame et al. | University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development; University of Bradford; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; … |
| 2026-10-23 | [From pixels to profits: trading arbitrage portfolios based on image representations](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11408-026-00507-x) | [Financial markets and portfolio management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/financial-markets-and-portfolio-management.md) | Niklas Paluszkiewicz | Universität Ulm |
| 2026-10-22 | [Research on the spatiotemporal prediction of supply chain finance risk contagion based on a dynamic graph attention diffusion mechanism](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-026-00980-3) | [Financial Innovation](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/financial-innovation.md) | Yulong Zhang, Yulong Zhang, Yaqing Zhang et al. | Hengshui University; Columbia University |
| 2026-10-21 | [Leveraging Machine Learning for Profit Forecasting and Cost Optimization Using Public Financial Data](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10614-026-11455-z) | [Computational Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computational-economics.md) | Bilal Ahmad, Abdu Salam, Mian Abdulbasit et al. | University of Peshawar; Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan; Yeungnam University; … |
| 2026-10-21 | [Leveraging machine learning in balancing inventories and analyzing market trends: a comprehensive systematic review](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-026-11723-2) | [Artificial Intelligence Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/artificial-intelligence-review.md) | Md. Sakhawat Hossain, Md. Sadman Haque, Zobaer Ibn Razzaque et al. | United International University; Dhaka International University |
| 2026-10-20 | [From NER to Business Process Automation: comparative evaluation of CNN, LSTM, and transformer models for address intelligence](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-026-02901-3) | [Knowledge and Information Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/knowledge-and-information-systems.md) | Vikas Jalodia, Divya Srivastava, Saurabh Kumar Srivastava | Bennett University |
| 2026-10-19 | [Tempered fractional rabies dynamics with deep neural surrogate modeling: Analysis, computation, and prediction](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2026.109788) | [Neural Networks](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-networks.md) | Mohamed Nidhal Sallami, Ouissem Ben Fredj, Praveen Agarwal et al. | University of Sfax; University of Kairouan; Ajman University; … |
| 2026-10-17 | [Attention state recognition in intelligent language learning environments using affective computing and eye tracking](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-026-07529-y) | [Applied Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/applied-intelligence.md) | Yang Yang, Yongmei Chi, Yongmei Chi et al. | Chongqing Vocational and Technical University of Mechatronics; Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering; National University of Malaysia |
| 2026-10-17 | [Multi-Perspective explainability in traffic prediction: A neuro-symbolic approach using CNN-LSTMs and concept lattices](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-026-07512-7) | [Applied Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/applied-intelligence.md) | Suraya Syazwani Mohamad Yusof, Hadhrami Ab Ghani, Nurul Izrin Md Saleh et al. | Universiti Malaysia Kelantan; Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka; University of Technology Malaysia |
| 2026-10-17 | [Language modeling on tabular data: a survey of foundations, techniques and evolution](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-026-11726-z) | [Artificial Intelligence Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/artificial-intelligence-review.md) | Yucheng Ruan, Xiang Lan, Jingying Ma et al. | National University of Singapore; Institute of Data Science |
| 2026-10-16 | [Evaluating LLMs for named entity recognition: a cost-benefit analysis in the legal domain](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-026-02886-z) | [Knowledge and Information Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/knowledge-and-information-systems.md) | Shefali Singhal, Eoin O’Connell, Niall McCarroll et al. | University of Ulster; Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry Campus; Ulster Hospital |
| 2026-10-16 | [Public technical disclosure of AI implementation in finance: Python-framed evidence from 253 NYSE-listed financial companies](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-026-00979-w) | [Financial Innovation](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/financial-innovation.md) | Veliota Drakopoulou | Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University |
| 2026-10-16 | [ITEACH-Net: Inverted teacher-student search network for emotion recognition in conversation](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2026.104643) | [Artificial Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/artificial-intelligence.md) | Haiyang Sun, Zheng Lian, Chenglong Wang et al. | Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Automation; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; … |
| 2026-10-15 | [pDOC-STANet: A spatiotemporal attention network for automatic assessment of prolonged disorders of consciousness using fNIRS](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-026-07542-1) | [Applied Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/applied-intelligence.md) | Zehai Li, Yuxin Xing, Shuwei Wang et al. | Zhejiang Normal University; Wenzhou Medical University; Zhejiang Taizhou Hospital; … |
| 2026-10-15 | [A Cognitive, Quantum-Inspired Learning Framework for Energy-Efficient and Reliable Routing in Wireless Body Area Networks](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-026-10665-9) | [Cognitive Computation](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/cognitive-computation.md) | Soufiane Ben Othman, Naima Saeed | King Faisal University; University of Aden |
| 2026-10-15 | [Enhancing fault prediction in SOA-based systems via hybrid transformer–BiLSTM with COA–SCSO feature selection method](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-026-02899-8) | [Knowledge and Information Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/knowledge-and-information-systems.md) | Raghuraj Singh, Kuldeep Kumar | Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar; National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra |
| 2026-10-15 | [Dynamic attention for container relocation problems: a deep reinforcement learning approach](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-026-07525-2) | [Applied Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/applied-intelligence.md) | Zizhen Zhang, Fengwei Liu, Mengchu Zhou | Sun Yat-sen University; New Jersey Institute of Technology |
| 2026-10-15 | [Uncertainty-aware stock selection and portfolio optimization with deep learning-based return prediction](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-026-07448-8) | [Annals of Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/annals-of-operations-research.md) | Mustafa Etcil, Burak Kolukısa, Burcu Bakır Güngör | Abdullah Gül University; Kayseri Üniversitesi |
| 2026-10-15 | [Metropolis-scale resilient and trustworthy traffic flow inference using multi-source data](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2026.106083) | [Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/transportation-research-part-c-emerging-technologies.md) | Qishen Zhou, Yifan Zhang, Michail Makridis et al. | Jilin University; City University of Hong Kong; City University of Hong Kong (Dongguan); … |
| 2026-10-14 | [A multi-scale semantic perception network with multi-relational text graphs for text classification](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.134741) | [Expert Systems with Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/expert-systems-with-applications.md) | Chongxu Hu, Xiaoyan Gongye, Zhe Liu et al. | Qufu Normal University |
| 2026-10-12 | [Research on enhancing driver emotion recognition based on multimodal fusion: introducing dynamic features and lightweight models](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.134727) | [Expert Systems with Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/expert-systems-with-applications.md) | Wei Jiang, Wencai Sun, Chen Li et al. | Jilin University |
| 2026-10-12 | [Measurement and Early Warning of Systemic Financial Risk Based on Differentiated GARCH-Copula and NNG-LSTM Model](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10614-026-11449-x) | [Computational Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computational-economics.md) | Zidan Luo, L Wang, Lin Sui et al. | Jiangnan University; Shandong Jiaotong University |
| 2026-10-09 | [EEG-UDAF: A novel unsupervised domain adaptation framework leveraging dual-view frequency and spatio-temporal features for EEG-based emotion recognition](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-026-01584-5) | [Journal Of Big Data](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-big-data.md) | Yufei Chen, Gang Zhou, Pengwei Wang et al. | Zhengzhou University |
| 2026-10-08 | [Adaptive scheduling for FJSPT: a two-stage deep reinforcement learning approach with scale-invariant action space](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2026.107700) | [Computers & Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computers-operations-research.md) | Yuxin Mo, Chunyan Duan, Zehao Zhang et al. | Tongji University |
| 2026-10-07 | [Artificial intelligence technologies, skills demand and employment: Evidence from linked job ads](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2026.102974) | [Labour Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/labour-economics.md) | Lennert Peede, Michael Stops | Institut für Arbeitsmarkt und Berufsforschung |
| 2026-10-07 | [Bayesian Black-Litterman under Nonlinear Dependence: A Hybrid Framework with GARCH-EVT Marginals, R-Vine Copulas, and Reinforcement Learning for Tactical Portfolio Allocation](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10614-026-11433-5) | [Computational Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computational-economics.md) | Felipe Mora, Werner Kristjanpoller | Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María |
| 2026-10-07 | [The politicization of AI semiconductor discourse: A longitudinal analysis of Korean media coverage (2023–2025)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2026.124903) | [Technological Forecasting and Social Change](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technological-forecasting-and-social-change.md) | JongHwi Song, Sooyeun Yoo, Erdenebayar Urtnasan | Yonsei University; Yonsei University Mirae Campus |
| 2026-10-06 | [Is bitcoin a hedge against central banking? Evidence from AI-driven monetary policy expectations](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2026.103683) | [Journal of International Money and Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-international-money-and-finance.md) | Maxime L. D. Nicolas, François Sicard, Marion Labouré et al. | University College London; Deutsche Bank (United Kingdom) |
| 2026-10-06 | [Anomaly detection in SAP S/4HANA using hybrid deep learning for multivariate time series data](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-026-01572-9) | [Journal Of Big Data](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-big-data.md) | Ram Reddy Jonnalagadda, B. P. Joshi, Kiran Kumar Reddy et al. | Osmania University; Graphic Era Hill University; Graphic Era University; … |
| 2026-10-05 | [Corporate innovation propensity: From measurement to impact—A text-based analytical approach](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2026.103732) | [Technovation](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technovation.md) | Lingbing Feng, Tianle Zou, Fengwen Chen et al. | Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics; Chongqing University; Nanjing University |
| 2026-10-05 | [Transparent forecasting with XAI: Improving accuracy and trust in electricity demand prediction](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2026.117131) | [Knowledge-Based Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/knowledge-based-systems.md) | Somya Bansal, Vaibhav Baldeva, Asmit Cajla et al. | Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology; Torrens University Australia; Norwegian University of Science and Technology |
| 2026-10-05 | [An innovative approach to stock forecasting: combining LSTM, VMD, and artificial rabbit optimization](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-026-00987-3) | [Future Business Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/future-business-journal.md) | Homa Mehtarizadeh, Najme Mansouri, Behnam Mohammad Hasani Zade et al. | Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman |
| 2026-10-05 | [Accounting for the Unaccounted: Correcting Pakistan’s Grid Electricity Demand Forecasts Using Solar PV Import Proxies and Deep Learning](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10614-026-11439-z) | [Computational Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computational-economics.md) | Muhammad Imran, Atif Khan Jadoon, Tariq Mahmood | University of the Punjab |
| 2026-10-04 | [Coordinated control of signals and dynamic shared bus lanes for urban corridors: a traffic-informed multi-agent reinforcement learning approach](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.134554) | [Expert Systems with Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/expert-systems-with-applications.md) | Zhentian Bao, Fangfang Zheng, Youhua Tang | Southwest Jiaotong University |
| 2026-10-03 | [An intelligent cybersecurity framework for banking systems: integrating neural networks, large language models, and federated learning for anti-money laundering and fraud detection](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-026-01015-0) | [Future Business Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/future-business-journal.md) | Tanvir Sajid, Sajida Hafeez | National Textile University |
| 2026-10-03 | [Kinematic-aware AIS preprocessing and bidirectional recurrent modeling for multi-output vessel trajectory prediction](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-026-01562-x) | [Journal Of Big Data](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-big-data.md) | Marilena Sinni, Dimitris M. Kyriazanos | National Centre of Scientific Research "Demokritos" |
| 2026-10-03 | [Machine Learning-Enhanced Rolling Horizon Optimization algorithm for dynamic scheduling in AGV-Supported rice production](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2026.107688) | [Computers & Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computers-operations-research.md) | Yaping Zhao, Weilei Feng, Xinyue Zhang et al. | Shenzhen University; Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data; Beihang University |
| 2026-10-03 | [AI-enabled marketing analytics for SMEs: multimethod evidence on application potential and adoption conditions](https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-026-00539-2) | [Journal of Marketing Analytics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-marketing-analytics.md) | Anita Talitha Parsegyan, Manuel Muth, Michael Lingenfelder | Philipps University of Marburg; Reutlingen University |
| 2026-10-03 | [Causal-driven attribution (CDA): estimating channel influence without user-level data](https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-026-00535-6) | [Journal of Marketing Analytics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-marketing-analytics.md) | Georgios Filippou, Boi Mai Quach, Diana Lenghel et al. | Trinity College Dublin |
| 2026-10-01 | [TriLSTMWavenet: An innovative individual household load forecasting with an integrated wavelet and CNN-based deep learning fusion](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-026-12633-8) | [Neural Computing and Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-computing-and-applications.md) | R. Mathumitha, P. Rathika, K. Manimala | Anna University, Chennai |
| 2026-10-01 | [A machine learning model for the prediction of the US news & world report ranking of the mechanical engineering graduate programs in the United States](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-026-12636-5) | [Neural Computing and Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-computing-and-applications.md) | Faeze Khademi, Nikith Rachakonda, Matias Salazar Ismodes et al. | University of Illinois Chicago |
| 2026-10-01 | [From Prediction to Decision: A Closed-Loop Decision-Aware Predictive-Prescriptive Framework for Anticipatory Humanitarian Logistics](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2026.102623) | [Socio-Economic Planning Sciences](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/socio-economic-planning-sciences.md) | Leonardo Sanches de Carvalho, Carlos César Ribeiro Santos | Universidade Federal da Bahia; Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial |
| 2026-10-01 | [Explainable AI-driven machine and deep learning models for state-of-health estimation of EV batteries in IoT-based 6G networks](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-026-12491-4) | [Neural Computing and Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-computing-and-applications.md) | Hesham Ali Sakr, Mostafa Fouda, Ahmed F. Ashour et al. | Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology; Sohar University; Idaho State University; … |
| 2026-10-01 | [Alzheimer’s multimodal diagnosis: enhancing cross-attention between speech and text](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-026-12482-5) | [Neural Computing and Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-computing-and-applications.md) | Kewen Ding, Azadeh Noori Hoshyar, Tanusri Bhattacharya et al. | Federation University; Western Sydney University; Myer Foundation; … |
| 2026-10-01 | [Employing novel DeepBiLSTM framework on NVIDIA Jetson Nano edge platform for sleep apnea detection](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-026-12604-z) | [Neural Computing and Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-computing-and-applications.md) | Mohebbanaaz, Srilaxmi Dasari, Pasuluri Binduswetha |  |
| 2026-10-01 | [India VIX regime-conditional directional prediction of bank nifty: a stacking ensemble approach](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-026-12588-w) | [Neural Computing and Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-computing-and-applications.md) | Prakash Ukhalkar, Ravikant Zirmite, Manasi Bhate |  |
| 2026-10-01 | [Detection and correction the cyber-attack of electroencephalogram signals using deep learning model](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-026-12542-w) | [Neural Computing and Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-computing-and-applications.md) | Zaineb Mohammed Alhakeem, Suroor M. Dawood, Qabeela Qassim Thabit et al. | Bashkir Scientific Research Institute of Petroleum Refining; University of Basrah; Oil and Gas Center |

## Cite this page

Scholar4AI. (2026). Long short-term memory (LSTM). Journal Research Rankings. Retrieved October 26, 2026, from https://scholar4ai.com/equations/long-short-term-memory-lstm

```bibtex
@misc{scholar4ai-equations-long-short-term-memory-lstm,
  author = {{Scholar4AI}},
  title = {Long short-term memory (LSTM)},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://scholar4ai.com/equations/long-short-term-memory-lstm}},
  urldate = {2026-10-26},
  note = {Journal Research Rankings; data from OpenAlex (CC0); licensed CC BY-NC 4.0}
}
```

License: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).