---
title: "Maximum likelihood estimation: formula and example"
description: "Maximum likelihood estimation explained: variables, a worked example, related methods and assumptions. Chooses the parameters under which the observed data are most probable."
url: https://scholar4ai.com/equations/maximum-likelihood-estimation
markdown_url: https://scholar4ai.com/equations/maximum-likelihood-estimation.md
license: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
share_text: "Maximum likelihood estimation explained: variables, a worked example, related methods and assumptions. Chooses the parameters under which the observed data are most probable. (as of 2026-11-05)"
data_url: https://scholar4ai.com/data/rankings.json
updated: 2026-11-05T06:02:37+09:00
window: 2026-10-07 to 2026-11-05
source: OpenAlex (CC0)
---

# Maximum likelihood estimation

$$
\hat\theta = \arg\max_{\theta} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \log f(x_i \mid \theta)
$$

Chooses the parameters under which the observed data are most probable.

- area: Statistics and Bayesian methods
- 10 papers in the last 7 days
- Names searched for: maximum likelihood, MLE

Back to the ranking: https://scholar4ai.com/rankings/equations.md

## Variables and notation

theta is the parameter vector, x_i observations, f the modeled probability density/mass and n sample size; log likelihood sums independent-observation contributions.

## Worked example

For three successes and one failure in independent Bernoulli trials, log likelihood=3 ln p+ln(1−p), maximized at p=3/4.

## Related methods and when to use them

MLE maximizes the sampling likelihood; Bayesian MAP also includes a prior. Dependence, misspecification and boundary parameters require care; a maximized likelihood is not the probability that the model is true.

## Sources and further reading

- [NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook: maximum likelihood estimation](https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda3652.htm)

Examples use illustrative inputs, not observed research results. Logarithms are natural unless stated otherwise. Guide updated 2026-11-05. Prepared by Scholar4AI. [Editorial and verification policy](/editorial-policy).

## Key findings

- Maximum likelihood estimation was mentioned in 95 papers in the last 30 days (2026-10-07 to 2026-11-05), ranking #10 of the 248 equations and models mentioned.
- By journal category: Statistics (34), Economics (22), Management (9), Operations Research (6), Information Systems (6), Finance (5), Higher Education and Research (5), AI (4), Health Economics and Policy (2), Tourism and Hospitality (1) and Marketing (1).
- Most of them appeared in Statistics and Computing (6), Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice (4) and Statistical Papers (4).
- Often mentioned together with Logistic regression (logit) (17), Structural equation modeling (SEM) (13) and Information criteria (AIC and BIC) (12).
- Datasets named in the same papers: World Development Indicators (World Bank) (5), Facebook (3) and Labour Force Surveys (2).
- From Nov 2023 to Oct 2026, 3,557 archived papers mentioned Maximum likelihood estimation in their title, abstract or keywords (the search of earlier months' full texts is still under way), most of them in Sep 2026 (141).
- From 2017 to 2026 (so far), Maximum likelihood estimation was mentioned in 5,068 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in statistics (1,916), economics (1,116) and AI (612).
- 1,088 of them were published in 2025, against 212 in 2017.
- Since 2023, the institutions with the most of these papers were Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (97), KU Leuven (48) and University College London (45).
- The journals publishing most of them were Statistics and Computing (177), Journal of Econometrics (104) and Statistical Papers (103).
- The most-cited of them is “A Survey on Self-Supervised Learning: Algorithms, Applications, and Future Trends” (IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2024), with 579 citations.

## Mentions over 36 months

*Papers mentioning it by publication month, Nov 2023 to Oct 2026 (titles, abstracts and keywords; the full texts of earlier months are still being searched)*

| Trend | Nov 23–Oct 24 | Nov 24–Oct 25 | Nov 25–Oct 26 | 36 months |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|
|  | 1,177 | 1,125 | 1,255 | 3,557 |

## Papers per year

*Papers per publication year and category*

| Category | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 (so far) |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| [Statistics](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/statistics.md) | 127 | 129 | 140 | 132 | 144 | 154 | 164 | 289 | 314 | 323 |
| [Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/economics.md) | 28 | 31 | 24 | 37 | 45 | 24 | 97 | 309 | 263 | 258 |
| [AI](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/ai.md) | 25 | 24 | 16 | 23 | 23 | 18 | 52 | 159 | 166 | 106 |
| [Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/operations-research.md) | 17 | 12 | 16 | 12 | 10 | 18 | 39 | 116 | 113 | 116 |
| [Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/finance.md) | 8 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 31 | 104 | 65 | 105 |
| [Management](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/management.md) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 21 | 94 | 91 | 84 |
| [Higher Education and Research](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/higher-education-and-research.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 28 | 23 | 34 |
| [Health Economics and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/health-economics-and-policy.md) | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 24 | 16 | 18 |
| [Marketing](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/marketing.md) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 23 | 20 | 15 |
| [Information Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/information-systems.md) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 17 |
| [Tourism and Hospitality](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/tourism-and-hospitality.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 11 | 3 | 16 |
| [Accounting](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/accounting.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 7 |
| All categories | 212 | 205 | 203 | 213 | 231 | 221 | 425 | 1,171 | 1,088 | 1,099 |

## Where the papers come from

*Journals with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Journal | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [Statistics and Computing](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/statistics-and-computing.md) | 177 |
| 2 | [Journal of Econometrics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-econometrics.md) | 104 |
| 3 | [Statistical Papers](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/statistical-papers.md) | 103 |
| 4 | [Computational Statistics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computational-statistics.md) | 88 |
| 5 | [Computational Statistics & Data Analysis](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computational-statistics-data-analysis.md) | 79 |
| 6 | [Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-statistical-theory-and-practice.md) | 70 |
| 7 | [Journal of Multivariate Analysis](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-multivariate-analysis.md) | 67 |
| 8 | [IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-pattern-analysis-and-machine-intelligence.md) | 61 |
| 9 | [Machine Learning](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/machine-learning.md) | 60 |
| 10 | [Annals of Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/annals-of-operations-research.md) | 54 |

*Institutions with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Institution | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/centre-national-de-la-recherche-scientifique.md) | 97 |
| 2 | [KU Leuven](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/ku-leuven.md) | 48 |
| 3 | [University College London](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-college-london.md) | 45 |
| 4 | [University of Leeds](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-leeds.md) | 39 |
| 5 | [University of Bologna](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-bologna.md) | 38 |
| 6 | [Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/vrije-universiteit-amsterdam.md) | 37 |
| 7 | [Monash University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/monash-university.md) | 36 |
| 8 | [Sapienza University of Rome](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/sapienza-university-of-rome.md) | 34 |
| 9 | [Erasmus University Rotterdam](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/erasmus-university-rotterdam.md) | 32 |
| 10 | [The University of Sydney](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/the-university-of-sydney.md) | 32 |

*Countries with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Country | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | United States | 694 |
| 2 | United Kingdom | 637 |
| 3 | China | 450 |
| 4 | Italy | 428 |
| 5 | Germany | 406 |
| 6 | France | 247 |
| 7 | Spain | 243 |
| 8 | Netherlands | 223 |
| 9 | Australia | 217 |
| 10 | Japan | 143 |

*Keywords with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Keyword | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [maximum likelihood estimation](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/maximum-likelihood-estimation.md) | 390 |
| 2 | [parameter estimation](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/parameter-estimation.md) | 106 |
| 3 | [COVID-19 pandemic](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/covid-19-pandemic.md) | 92 |
| 4 | expectation-maximization algorithm | 79 |
| 5 | [asymptotic normality](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/asymptotic-normality.md) | 77 |
| 6 | [consistency](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/consistency.md) | 65 |
| 7 | Bayesian estimation | 63 |
| 8 | maximum likelihood estimator | 56 |
| 9 | [model selection](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/model-selection.md) | 53 |
| 10 | [asymptotic properties](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/asymptotic-properties.md) | 52 |

## Most-cited papers

*Most-cited papers since 2017*

| # | Citations | Per month | Title | Journal | Published | Authors |
|---:|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 579 | 20.2 | [A Survey on Self-Supervised Learning: Algorithms, Applications, and Future Trends](https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3415112) | [IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-pattern-analysis-and-machine-intelligence.md) | 2024-06-17 | Jie Gui, Tuo Chen, Jing Zhang et al. |
| 2 | 396 | 11.6 | [Plant disease detection and classification techniques: a comparative study of the performances](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-023-00863-9) | [Journal Of Big Data](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-big-data.md) | 2024-01-02 | Wubetu Barud Demilie |
| 3 | 315 | 4.0 | [How to use instrumental variables in addressing endogeneity? A step-by-step procedure for non-specialists](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.03.006) | [Industrial Marketing Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/industrial-marketing-management.md) | 2020-03-19 | Subhan Ullah, Ghasem Zaefarian, Farid Ullah |
| 4 | 295 | 9.6 | [Self-Supervised Learning for Time Series Analysis: Taxonomy, Progress, and Prospects](https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3387317) | [IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-pattern-analysis-and-machine-intelligence.md) | 2024-04-10 | Kexin Zhang, Qingsong Wen, Chaoli Zhang et al. |
| 5 | 285 | 10.3 | [A Comprehensive Survey on Test-Time Adaptation Under Distribution Shifts](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-024-02181-w) | [International Journal of Computer Vision](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-computer-vision.md) | 2024-07-18 | Jian Liang, Ran He, Tieniu Tan |
| 6 | 238 | 2.8 | [EKLT: Asynchronous Photometric Feature Tracking Using Events and Frames](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01209-w) | [International Journal of Computer Vision](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-computer-vision.md) | 2019-08-22 | Daniel Gehrig, Henri Rebecq, Guillermo Gallego et al. |
| 7 | 230 | 14.9 | [Physics-informed neural networks for PDE problems: a comprehensive review](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11322-7) | [Artificial Intelligence Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/artificial-intelligence-review.md) | 2025-07-24 | Kuang Luo, Jingshang Zhao, Ying‐Ping Wang et al. |
| 8 | 222 | 3.0 | [Unscented kalman filter with process noise covariance estimation for vehicular ins/gps integration system](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2020.08.005) | [Information Fusion](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/information-fusion.md) | 2020-08-05 | Gaoge Hu, Bingbing Gao, Yongmin Zhong et al. |
| 9 | 202 | 7.1 | [Data oversampling and imbalanced datasets: an investigation of performance for machine learning and feature engineering](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-024-00943-4) | [Journal Of Big Data](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-big-data.md) | 2024-06-17 | Muhammad Mujahid, Erol Kına, Furqan Rustam et al. |
| 10 | 200 | 2.1 | [Maximum Likelihood Estimation-Based Joint Sparse Representation for the Classification of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images](https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2018.2874432) | [IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-neural-networks-and-learning-systems.md) | 2018-10-29 | Jiangtao Peng, Luoqing Li, Yuan Yan Tang |

Archive counts by publication year: a paper counts when its title, abstract or keywords name the equation, or when OpenAlex's full-text search finds it there (searched for the last 30 days' papers and, by a pass over the past years, for older ones). Names added to the list later are looked for in older papers as the archive is read again.

*Papers mentioning Maximum likelihood estimation, newest first. Newest 50 of 95 papers; all of them are in /data/papers.json.*

| Date | Title | Journal | Authors | Affiliations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-11-02 | [Approximating the Sampling Distributions of Weibull Parameter MLEs with Applications](https://doi.org/10.1007/s42519-026-00657-1) | [Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-statistical-theory-and-practice.md) | Buu‐Chau Truong, Peter Mphekgwana, Nabendu Pal | Ton Duc Thang University; University of Limpopo; University of Louisiana at Lafayette |
| 2026-10-31 | [Product combination purchase choice model based on item-level sales data](https://doi.org/10.1057/s41272-026-00638-w) | [Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-revenue-and-pricing-management.md) | Shiming Deng, Bohan Ouyang, Mingyu Xu et al. | Huazhong University of Science and Technology |
| 2026-10-31 | [Nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation for competing risks frailty models](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10985-026-09737-7) | [Lifetime Data Analysis](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/lifetime-data-analysis.md) | Chew-Seng Chee, Il Do Ha, Youngjo Lee et al. | Pukyong National University; Seoul National University; Chungnam National University |
| 2026-10-31 | [Political Favoritism, Public Funds and Manufacturing Firm Performance in Hungary](https://doi.org/10.1057/s41294-026-00291-7) | [Comparative Economic Studies](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/comparative-economic-studies.md) | Vivien Czeczeli, Jarko Fidrmuc, Gábor Kutasi | Ludovika University of Public Service; Zeppelin Universität gemeinnützige GmbH; Mendel University in Brno |
| 2026-10-31 | [Quadratic functional variable transformation of the exponential-gamma distribution for flexible lifetime modelling](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00362-026-01908-w) | [Statistical Papers](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/statistical-papers.md) | Taiwo Michael Ayeni, Elijah Ayooluwa Odukoya, Huichan Zhao | Georgia State University; Federal University of Technology and Environmental Sciences |
| 2026-10-31 | [Individual effectiveness, team cohesion, and academic performance in cooperative teams: Evidence from bias-corrected peer evaluations](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2026.101566) | [The International Journal of Management Education](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/the-international-journal-of-management-education.md) | Pilar Abad, Lidia Muñoz-Fernández | Universidad Rey Juan Carlos |
| 2026-10-31 | [Robust mask-based appointment scheduling in primary care practices](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10729-026-09789-z) | [Health Care Management Science](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/health-care-management-science.md) | Sabrina Schmitz, Martin Comis, Christina Büsing | RWTH Aachen University |
| 2026-10-31 | [Explaining forest value perceptions across Europe: A multilevel analysis of individual and geographic variation](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2026.103955) | [Forest Policy and Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/forest-policy-and-economics.md) | Moses Kazungu, Marcel Hunziker | Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research |
| 2026-10-31 | [The personnel inquiry records: a historical microdatabase of elites and families in prewar Japan](https://doi.org/10.1007/s42973-026-00279-z) | [Japanese Economic Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/japanese-economic-review.md) | Hiroshi Kumanomido, Suguru Otani, Yutaro Takayasu | Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; The University of Tokyo; Hitotsubashi University |
| 2026-10-30 | [Maximum likelihood estimation of fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with discretely sampled data](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106351) | [Journal of Econometrics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-econometrics.md) | Xiaohu Wang, Weilin Xiao, Jun Yu et al. | Fudan University; Zhejiang University; University of Macau; … |
| 2026-10-29 | [Spatial Effects of Sex on Job Quality in a Developing Country](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-026-09790-7) | [Networks and Spatial Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/networks-and-spatial-economics.md) | Jhon James Mora, Diana Yaneth Herrera Duque, Juan Tomás Sayago | Universidad Icesi; University of Iowa |
| 2026-10-28 | [Forecasting volatility in periods of financial turbulence: a new state-dependent model](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12197-026-09794-6) | [Journal of Economics and Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-economics-and-finance.md) | Fabio Gobbi, Sabrina Mulinacci | University of Bologna |
| 2026-10-28 | [F-modeling-based empirical Bayes estimation for the reciprocal shape parameter of the Pareto distribution](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00362-026-01918-8) | [Statistical Papers](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/statistical-papers.md) | Yeil Kwon | Wichita State University |
| 2026-10-28 | [Distributional Properties of Gold and Bitcoin Returns Across Crisis Regimes: A Comparative Analysis](https://doi.org/10.1007/s42519-026-00656-2) | [Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-statistical-theory-and-practice.md) | Priyanka Nagar, Luca A. Gabin, Keotshepile Mandona | Stellenbosch University |
| 2026-10-28 | [Forward and backward smoothing for noisy nonstationary time series with an application of detecting recent change points](https://doi.org/10.1007/s42081-026-00380-y) | [Japanese Journal of Statistics and Data Science](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/japanese-journal-of-statistics-and-data-science.md) | Seisho Sato, Naoto Kunitomo | The University of Tokyo; The Institute of Statistical Mathematics |
| 2026-10-28 | [German farmers' preferences for peatland rewetting schemes: Autonomy, flexibility and institutional trust](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2026.108407) | [Land Use Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/land-use-policy.md) | Marius Michels, Oliver Mußhoff | University of Göttingen; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin |
| 2026-10-28 | [Teaching quality and socioeconomic inequalities in student achievement: Meta-Analytic evidence from PISA 2022](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2026.100864) | [Educational Research Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/educational-research-review.md) | Tamara Kastorff, Pia Todtenhöfer, Samuel Greiff | Technical University of Munich |
| 2026-10-28 | [Path-breaking to Innovate: Patenting in Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116606) | [Journal of Business Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-research.md) | Jun Du, James H. Love, Xiaocan Yuan | University of Manchester; University of Leeds; Aston University |
| 2026-10-27 | [Dirty by design? Gig work challenges, stigma, and identity threat in crowdwork](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116628) | [Journal of Business Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-research.md) | Ward van Zoonen, Monika E. von Bonsdorff, Marjo Elisa Siltaoja | Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Jyväskylä |
| 2026-10-27 | [Revisiting the price elasticity of charitable giving: Meta-analysis of tax incentives and matching donations](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2026.107806) | [Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-economic-behavior-organization.md) | Gwen-Jirō Clochard, Shubham Dey, Shusaku Sasaki et al. | Institute of Social and Economic Research, The University of Osaka; The University of Osaka |
| 2026-10-27 | [Effects of multi-attributional diversity for targets and perceivers of stereotypes in computer-supported collaborative learning](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2026.109239) | [Computers in Human Behavior](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computers-in-human-behavior.md) | Jennifer Hochstein, Laura Froehlich, Niels Seidel et al. | FernUniversität in Hagen; UiT The Arctic University of Norway; University of Vienna |
| 2026-10-27 | [Estimating mixed memberships in multi-layer networks](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.115149) | [Pattern Recognition](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/pattern-recognition.md) | Huan Qing, Xiaofei Xu | Chongqing University of Technology; Wuhan University |
| 2026-10-26 | [Variation in Health State Utility Values Across Preference-Based Instruments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Behavioural Risk Factors](https://doi.org/10.1007/s40258-026-01083-x) | [Applied Health Economics and Health Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/applied-health-economics-and-health-policy.md) | Nirmali Ruth Sivapragasam, David Brain, Gayani Amarasinghe et al. | Queensland University of Technology; Duke-NUS Medical School |
| 2026-10-26 | [Beyond access: Engagement with conversational AI-assisted feedback shapes cognitive load in digital game-based learning](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2026.109217) | [Computers in Human Behavior](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computers-in-human-behavior.md) | Anna Wenzel, Jan-Martin Geiger, Andreas Liening | TU Dortmund University; University of Münster |
| 2026-10-26 | [Local increment inference for time-inhomogeneous drift in Gaussian processes](https://doi.org/10.1007/s42081-026-00383-9) | [Japanese Journal of Statistics and Data Science](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/japanese-journal-of-statistics-and-data-science.md) | Yasutaka Shimizu | Waseda University |
| 2026-10-25 | [The cultural roots of state-owned enterprises: evidence from Europe](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-026-01474-7) | [Public Choice](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/public-choice.md) | Ákos Dombi, Piotr Matuszak, Katarzyna Szarzec | Eötvös Loránd University; Instytut Nauk Ekonomicznych; Polish Academy of Sciences; … |
| 2026-10-25 | [Assessing the dynamic role of artificial intelligence in driving economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-026-01033-y) | [Future Business Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/future-business-journal.md) | Emmanuel Baffour Gyau, Jodian J. Blake, Seidu Musah et al. | Jiangsu University; American College of Education |
| 2026-10-24 | [Recovery Curves for the PHQ-8 and GAD-7: Clinical Utility and Implementation of Measurement-based Care in a Real-world Outpatient Setting](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-026-01532-8) | [Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/administration-and-policy-in-mental-health-and-mental-health-services-research.md) | Mary Beth Connolly Gibbons, Robert Gallop, Nicholas Brian Allen et al. | University of Pennsylvania; West Chester University; University of Oregon |
| 2026-10-24 | [Effects of trade barriers on foreign direct investment: Evidence from Chinese solar panels](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2026.109653) | [Energy Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/energy-economics.md) | A. Oriana Montti | Universidad Pontificia Comillas |
| 2026-10-24 | [Exact divide-and-recombine estimation for negative binomial regression: a simulation study and application to SPARCS hospital length-of-stay data](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-026-03041-6) | [BMC Medical Research Methodology](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/bmc-medical-research-methodology.md) | Md. Mahadi Hassan Nayem | University of Chittagong |
| 2026-10-23 | [Saving behavior and associated factors: Evidence from Ethiopia](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finr.2026.100189) | [Finance Research Open](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/finance-research-open.md) | Kebede Abrha Mengstu, Zenebe Gebreegziabher, Haftom Bayray Kahsay et al. | Mekelle University; Ethiopian Policy Studies Institute; University of Copenhagen; … |
| 2026-10-23 | [Markov-Switching Multifractal Models for High-Frequency Trade Counts](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10614-026-11452-2) | [Computational Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computational-economics.md) | Zhamilya Mussayeva, Karim Moussa | Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam |
| 2026-10-23 | [Port efficiency beyond the terminal: weather exposure, cargo-origin concentration and logistics vulnerability](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104505) | [Transport Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/transport-policy.md) | William Barros Miranda, Ticiana Grecco Zanon Moura, Lorena García-Alonso et al. | Universidad de Oviedo |
| 2026-10-23 | [Generalized and scalable deep Gaussian process emulation](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2026.108485) | [Computational Statistics & Data Analysis](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computational-statistics-data-analysis.md) | Deyu Ming, Daniel Williamson | University College London; University of Exeter |
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## Cite this page

Scholar4AI. (2026). Maximum likelihood estimation. Journal and Conference Research Rankings. Retrieved November 5, 2026, from https://scholar4ai.com/equations/maximum-likelihood-estimation

```bibtex
@misc{scholar4ai-equations-maximum-likelihood-estimation,
  author = {{Scholar4AI}},
  title = {Maximum likelihood estimation},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://scholar4ai.com/equations/maximum-likelihood-estimation}},
  urldate = {2026-11-05},
  note = {Journal and Conference Research Rankings; data from OpenAlex (CC0); licensed CC BY-NC 4.0}
}
```

License: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).