---
title: "Mediation model (indirect effect): formula and papers"
description: "Mediation model (indirect effect) was mentioned in 72 papers in the last 30 days (2026-09-27 to 2026-10-26), ranking #12 of the 104 equations and models mentioned."
url: https://scholar4ai.com/equations/mediation-model-indirect-effect
markdown_url: https://scholar4ai.com/equations/mediation-model-indirect-effect.md
license: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
data_url: https://scholar4ai.com/data/rankings.json
updated: 2026-10-26T12:13:05+09:00
window: 2026-09-27 to 2026-10-26
source: OpenAlex (CC0)
---

# Mediation model (indirect effect)

$$
M = \alpha_0 + a X + e_1,\quad Y = \beta_0 + c' X + b M + e_2,\quad \text{indirect effect} = a\,b
$$

Splits the effect of X on Y into a direct part and a part that runs through a mediator M.

- area: Causal inference
- 7 papers in the last 7 days
- Names searched for: mediation analysis, mediating effect, mediation effect, mediation model, Sobel test, Baron and Kenny

Back to the ranking: https://scholar4ai.com/rankings/equations.md

## Key findings

- Mediation model (indirect effect) was mentioned in 72 papers in the last 30 days (2026-09-27 to 2026-10-26), ranking #12 of the 104 equations and models mentioned.
- By journal category: Management (32), Finance (26), Economics (11), Accounting (2) and Operations Research (1).
- Most of them appeared in International Review of Economics & Finance (15), Future Business Journal (6) and Journal of Business Ethics (5).
- Often mentioned together with Structural equation modeling (SEM) (23), Instrumental variables (two-stage least squares) (20) and Ordinary least squares (OLS) (14).
- Datasets named in the same papers: CSMAR (8), Economic Policy Uncertainty index (5) and Facebook (5).

*Papers mentioning Mediation model (indirect effect), newest first. Newest 50 of 72 papers; all of them are in /data/papers.json.*

| Date | Title | Journal | Authors | Affiliations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-23 | [Public support for regulatory research on the potential ecological effects of RF-EMF](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2026.124938) | [Technological Forecasting and Social Change](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technological-forecasting-and-social-change.md) | Laura Recuero Virto, Peter Bou Saba, Arno Thielens et al. | Centre Européen de Recherche en Economie Financière et Gestion des Entreprises; ICN Business School Nancy-Paris-Berlin; Université de Lorraine; … |
| 2026-10-23 | [Women and workplace mental health: a systematic literature review and future research agenda](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-026-01029-8) | [Future Business Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/future-business-journal.md) | Chitra Krishnan, Supriya Lamba Sahdev | Symbiosis International University; Alliance University |
| 2026-10-23 | [Foreign knowledge spillovers and new product development speed in boundary-spanning teams: A sufficiency–necessity perspective on digital interoperability and collaborative conflict resolution capabilities](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2026.10.006) | [Industrial Marketing Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/industrial-marketing-management.md) | Charles Baah, Yaw Agyabeng‐Mensah, Ebenezer Afum et al. | Charles Darwin University; Macquarie University; University of Bristol; … |
| 2026-10-22 | [When do hydrogen technology patents improve ecological performance? Cross-country evidence on mediation and threshold effects in the load capacity factor](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115673) | [Energy Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/energy-policy.md) | Brahim Bergougui | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; National Higher School of Statistics and Applied Economy; EconomiX; … |
| 2026-10-22 | [‘Not in my backyard’ or ‘Not in our backyard’? The influence of spatial proximity and regional belonging on attitudes and opinion expression on site selection for a nuclear waste repository](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115676) | [Energy Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/energy-policy.md) | Johannes Kaiser | Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Management |
| 2026-10-20 | [Consumer innovativeness and purchase behaviour in AI-enabled voice commerce: parallel mediation by attitude and trust](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-026-01027-w) | [Future Business Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/future-business-journal.md) | Jyoti Sharma, Shabnam Gulati, Jamal Akhtar Khan et al. | Lovely Professional University; Chandigarh University; Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University |
| 2026-10-20 | [Enhancing the resilience of entrepreneurs](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-026-01257-y) | [International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-entrepreneurship-and-management-journal.md) | Ana Rosado-Cubero, Adolfo Hernández, Francisco José Blanco-Jiménez et al. | Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos |
| 2026-10-19 | [Cryptocurrency and initial trust formation: an empirical investigation into the dynamics of willingness to use in financial transactions](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-026-00926-9) | [Financial Innovation](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/financial-innovation.md) | Ahmed Geebren | Tobruk University |
| 2026-10-17 | [AI, ESG, and corporate carbon performance: The moderating role of financing constraints](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105934) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Ziyang Shi, Danxue Fan | Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics; Lanzhou Petrochemical Polytechnic; Lanzhou City University |
| 2026-10-17 | [Technology adoption among silver tourists: A cross-cultural configurational comparison of Greece and the United Kingdom](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2026.103745) | [Technovation](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technovation.md) | Andrea Caputo, Seckin Celik, Christina Karadimitriou et al. | York St John University; University of Trento; University of Johannesburg; … |
| 2026-10-17 | [Local CSR and Chinese manufacturers’ technological upgrading](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-026-10194-x) | [Asia Pacific Journal of Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/asia-pacific-journal-of-management.md) | Kerui Gao, Nan Zhou | Tongji University; Renmin University of China |
| 2026-10-15 | [Economic Inequality Reduces Sustainable Consumption: Cross-National and Experimental Evidence and Psychological Mechanisms](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-026-06437-y) | [Journal of Business Ethics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-ethics.md) | Steven A. Brieger, Jacob Hörisch, Xinyu Zhang | NEOMA Business School; Leuphana University of Lüneburg; University of Sussex |
| 2026-10-15 | [Artificial intelligence is not enough to enhance organizational performance](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2026.124917) | [Technological Forecasting and Social Change](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technological-forecasting-and-social-change.md) | Michael Wang | St George's, University of London; Kingston University London; University College London |
| 2026-10-15 | [Government-guided fund and patient capital agglomeration: Evidence from listed firms in China](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2026.110902) | [Finance research letters](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/finance-research-letters.md) | 郑柳君 Zheng Liujun, Bin Li | Liaoning University of International Business and Economics |
| 2026-10-14 | [ESG disclosure and sustainable financial performance: the mediating role of institutional ownership in Tanzanian commercial banks](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-026-01020-3) | [Future Business Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/future-business-journal.md) | Zawadi Ally, Flavianus Benedicto Ng’eni | Institute of Finance Management |
| 2026-10-14 | [Will corporate ESG performance alleviate financing constraints? Evidence from the mediating role of information asymmetry](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2026.10.041) | [Economic Analysis and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-analysis-and-policy.md) | Li Gu, Yukun Zhang, Jiaxin Xiao et al. | Yunnan University of Finance And Economics |
| 2026-10-13 | [The Two Faces of Janus: Dual-Path Moderated Mediation of Observer Responses to Abusive Supervision](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-026-06493-4) | [Journal of Business Ethics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-ethics.md) | Jeeyoon Jeong, Jae Uk Chun, Ji Hoon Lee | Nagoya University of Commerce and Business; Korea University; Wonkwang University |
| 2026-10-12 | [From confirmed expectations to continued use: an attitudinal diagnostic framework for AI-enabled hospitality and tourism services](https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-026-00551-6) | [Journal of Marketing Analytics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-marketing-analytics.md) | Evangelia Kyriakaki, George S. Spais | Hellenic Open University |
| 2026-10-11 | [Digital infrastructure, transaction cost reduction, and regional entrepreneurial vitality](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2026.10.020) | [Economic Analysis and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-analysis-and-policy.md) | Jing Xia, Xiaomin Liang, Guixiang Zhang | Guizhou Minzu University |
| 2026-10-11 | [Green certification, litigation risk, and corporate external financing dependency](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2026.110913) | [Finance research letters](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/finance-research-letters.md) | Siheng Wang, Wenqi Du | East China University of Political Science and Law; Hebei GEO University |
| 2026-10-10 | [Supply chain finance, contract disputes, and legal remedies for innovative technology enterprises](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2026.110915) | [Finance research letters](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/finance-research-letters.md) | Yu Chen, Mengwei He, Junfeng Cheng | Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics Dongfang College; Universiti Sains Malaysia |
| 2026-10-10 | [Digital-real economy integration and the value of China's energy enterprises](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2026.105456) | [International Review of Financial Analysis](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-financial-analysis.md) | Yunze Wang, Baohua Gao | Peoples' Friendship University of Russia; Ocean University of China; Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation |
| 2026-10-08 | [Drought-index insurance, advisory services and farm productivity in Ghana](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2026.103207) | [Food Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/food-policy.md) | Angela Boakye Afriyie, Awudu Abdulai | Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel |
| 2026-10-08 | [Behavioral drivers of cryptocurrency markets: A systematic review](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2026.101265) | [Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-behavioral-and-experimental-finance.md) | Sebastian Steindl, Hans Rüdiger Kaufmann, Bernd Britzelmaier | University of Nicosia; Pforzheim University of Applied Sciences |
| 2026-10-07 | [Governance effectiveness of new rural elites and evaluation of rural revitalization outcomes: Evidence from 1302 samples in China](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105951) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Yulin Tong, Yinghan Zhu, Ji Yiduo et al. | Nanchang University |
| 2026-10-07 | [Generative AI as a social partner for young adults: Dual pathways to resilience and AI dependence](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2026.103141) | [International Journal of Information Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-information-management.md) | Yoojin Shin, DongA Jeong, Hyun Chul Kang et al. | Yonsei University |
| 2026-10-07 | [From institutional pressures to employee involvement in organizational sustainability: The role of common good HRM](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116575) | [Journal of Business Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-research.md) | Teng Li, Ying Lu, Mingqiong Mike Zhang et al. | Shanghai University of International Business and Economics; Shandong University of Science and Technology; Macquarie University; … |
| 2026-10-07 | [Human capital structure and corporate green transformation: Skill upgrading or cost burden?](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105926) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Zishun Zhou | Sejong University |
| 2026-10-07 | [Aim high or play safe? Commitment, prosocial incentives, and goal setting](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11166-026-09513-w) | [Journal of Risk and Uncertainty](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-risk-and-uncertainty.md) | Yu Cao, C. Mónica Capra, Yuxin Su | World Bank; Claremont Graduate University; University of Arizona; … |
| 2026-10-06 | [Can the digital revolution drive green growth? —the internal mechanism of corporate digital and intelligent transformation and green total factor productivity](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105955) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Siming Chen, Feichong Yue, Yaxi Qian et al. | Chinese Academy of Governance; Jilin University; Shanghai University of Political Science and Law; … |
| 2026-10-06 | [Beyond psychology and environment explanations: a linguistic microfoundation approach to entrepreneurs’ anxiety](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116585) | [Journal of Business Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-research.md) | Nitish Singh, Stephen X. Zhang, Wenping Ye et al. | Baylor University; Jinan University; Saint Louis University |
| 2026-10-05 | [Ethical Foundations of Social Entrepreneurship Competencies: A Systematic Review and Integrative Framework](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-026-06480-9) | [Journal of Business Ethics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-ethics.md) | Anne‐Karen Hueske, Kai N. Hockerts | Copenhagen Business School |
| 2026-10-05 | [Co-founder selection from a marriage market perspective: How the dark triad shapes judgments of interpersonal attraction, resources, and equity demand](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2026.106659) | [Journal of Business Venturing](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-venturing.md) | Yannick Nicolai Amend, Petrit Ademi, Matthew Steven Wood et al. | Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen; University of St.Gallen; University of Oklahoma |
| 2026-10-05 | [Sailing on trust: The impact of social credit system construction on corporate ESG performance](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105944) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Zhiqiang Bian, Caibin Zhang | Shandong Institute of Business and Technology; Liaoning University |
| 2026-10-05 | [The impact of omni-channel strategies on consumer behavior in sport product purchases](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2026.105147) | [Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-retailing-and-consumer-services.md) | Sardar Mohammadi, Seyed Mohammad Javad Razavi, Manuel Alonso Dos Santos | University of Kurdistan |
| 2026-10-05 | [Electronic payment service quality and customer retention via E-trust: evidence from the jordanian banking sector](https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-026-00394-3) | [Journal of Financial Services Marketing](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-financial-services-marketing.md) | Sufian Radwan Almanaseer, Zaher Abdel Fattah Al-Slehat, Yazan Emnawer Al-Haraisa | Tafila Technical University |
| 2026-10-04 | [Capital expenditure and sustainability performance among listed firms in Ghana: the mediating role of ESG disclosure quality](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-026-01012-3) | [Future Business Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/future-business-journal.md) | Samuel Antwi, Prince Yeboah Boateng, Edward Asumadu et al. | University of Professional Studies |
| 2026-10-03 | [From pollution prevention to circular economy capabilities: The mediating role of absorptive capacity and moderating role of innovation orientation](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2026.110240) | [International Journal of Production Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-production-economics.md) | Stephanie Graham, Trevor Cadden, Guangming Cao | Queen's University Belfast; Ajman University |
| 2026-10-03 | [Store coolness in luxury fashion: Antecedents, outcomes, and the moderating role of price consciousness](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2026.105130) | [Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-retailing-and-consumer-services.md) | Maher Georges Elmashhara, Joana César Machado, Rebecca Abushena et al. | Manchester Metropolitan University; Universidade Católica Portuguesa |
| 2026-10-03 | [Breaking the gap between words and deeds: Can firm-level Fintech mitigate ESG decoupling?](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105910) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Linfang Tan, Da Gao, Xinyu Zhang | Wuhan University; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Liaoning University |
| 2026-10-02 | [Behavioral financial responses to war threat and geopolitical uncertainty](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2026.101268) | [Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-behavioral-and-experimental-finance.md) | Nada Jabbour Al Maalouf, Dina Fattouh | Holy Spirit University of Kaslik |
| 2026-10-02 | [Symbolic promotions: Conceptualization and empirical investigation](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-026-01202-z) | [Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-the-academy-of-marketing-science.md) | Chloé Vanasse, François Anthony Carrillat, Renaud Legoux et al. | HEC Montréal; Griffith University; UNSW Sydney |
| 2026-10-02 | [Ownership structures shape climate-policy effectiveness in electricity generation](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115644) | [Energy Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/energy-policy.md) | Don Grant, Anh Minh Ly, Musabber Ali Chisty | University of Colorado Boulder |
| 2026-10-02 | [Inside out: cutting-edge methods to decode external opportunities for startup growth](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116571) | [Journal of Business Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-research.md) | Leonardo Mazzoni, Niccolò Innocenti, Stefania Oliva | European University Institute; University of Florence |
| 2026-10-01 | [The effects of aggregate and local extreme weather on financial distress risk: Evidence from China](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2026.101579) | [Emerging Markets Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/emerging-markets-review.md) | Li Li, Xiangyang Li, Jingjie Xiang | Nankai University; Central China Normal University |
| 2026-10-01 | [Causal mediation analysis with nonignorable missingness in covariates, mediator, and outcome](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2026.113294) | [Economics Letters](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economics-letters.md) | Zihan Zhang, Dehui Wang, Lianyan Fu | Liaoning University |
| 2026-10-01 | [Does Environmental Accountability Policy Enhance Urban Ecological Resilience? From the Perspectives of Industrial Structure and Environmental Regulation](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2026.10.033) | [Economic Analysis and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-analysis-and-policy.md) | Weixing Lin, Li Zhou, Jindong Wang et al. | Beijing Forestry University; Ningde Normal University; China Academy of Fiscal Science |
| 2026-10-01 | [Patent agglomeration and environmental efficiency: effects and mechanisms in Africa](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2026.109647) | [Energy Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/energy-economics.md) | Rockson Sai, Hongping Yuan, Ebenezer Kwabena Takyi et al. | Guangzhou University; Environmental Protection Agency; Emory University; … |
| 2026-10-01 | [Digital Economy Development and Employment Structure in Emerging Market Nations: A Panel Econometric Analysis of Sectoral and Skill-Level Dynamics](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2026.102275) | [Journal of Asian Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-asian-economics.md) | Muhammad Umair, Ling Yang | Xi'an Jiaotong University |
| 2026-10-01 | [Innovation and public sector performance: the effect of entrepreneurial attitudes](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2026.10.003) | [European Management Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/european-management-journal.md) | Michael O. Olumekor, Rocco Palumbo | Ural Federal University; University of Portsmouth; University of Rome Tor Vergata |