---
title: "Propensity score matching: formula and 55 recent papers"
description: "Propensity score matching was mentioned in 55 papers in the last 30 days (2026-09-27 to 2026-10-26), ranking #20 of the 104 equations and models mentioned."
url: https://scholar4ai.com/equations/propensity-score-matching
markdown_url: https://scholar4ai.com/equations/propensity-score-matching.md
license: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
share_text: "Propensity score matching was mentioned in 55 papers in the last 30 days (2026-09-27 to 2026-10-26), ranking #20 of the 104 equations and models mentioned."
data_url: https://scholar4ai.com/data/rankings.json
updated: 2026-10-26T14:52:47+09:00
window: 2026-09-27 to 2026-10-26
source: OpenAlex (CC0)
---

# Propensity score matching

$$
e(x) = \Pr(D = 1 \mid X = x)
$$

Matches treated and untreated units with similar probabilities of treatment given their characteristics.

- area: Causal inference
- 2 papers in the last 7 days
- Names searched for: propensity score, PSM

Back to the ranking: https://scholar4ai.com/rankings/equations.md

## Key findings

- Propensity score matching was mentioned in 55 papers in the last 30 days (2026-09-27 to 2026-10-26), ranking #20 of the 104 equations and models mentioned.
- By journal category: Finance (22), Economics (18), Management (11), Accounting (2), AI (1) and Operations Research (1).
- Most of them appeared in International Review of Economics & Finance (13), Economic Analysis and Policy (6) and Journal of Business Research (3).
- Often mentioned together with Difference-in-differences (25), Instrumental variables (two-stage least squares) (23) and Ordinary least squares (OLS) (20).
- Datasets named in the same papers: CSMAR (8), S&P 500 (6) and CNRDS (4).
- From Oct 2023 to Sep 2026, 208 archived papers mentioned Propensity score matching in their title, abstract or keywords, most of them in Sep 2026 (28).

## Mentions over 36 months

*Papers mentioning it by publication month, Oct 2023 to Sep 2026 (titles, abstracts and keywords)*

| Trend | Oct 23–Sep 24 | Oct 24–Sep 25 | Oct 25–Sep 26 | 36 months |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|
|  | 64 | 107 | 37 | 208 |

*Papers mentioning Propensity score matching, newest first. Newest 50 of 55 papers; all of them are in /data/papers.json.*

| Date | Title | Journal | Authors | Affiliations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-23 | [Managerial slack, information environment and stock price crash risk: Evidence from China](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.106011) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Chuyue Wu, Yuyang Ling, Yikai Han | Central University of Finance and Economics |
| 2026-10-21 | [The economic geography of Churches: housing market effects in Stockholm](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-026-09609-w) | [Journal of Cultural Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-cultural-economics.md) | Mats Wilhelmsson | KTH Royal Institute of Technology |
| 2026-10-16 | [The Challenges of Hyperparameter Tuning for Accurate Causal Effect Estimation](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-026-07140-9) | [Machine Learning](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/machine-learning.md) | Damian Machlanski, Spyridon Samothrakis, Paul Clarke | University of Edinburgh; University of Essex; Institute for Social and Economic Research |
| 2026-10-15 | [Understanding the determinants and consequences of share-pledging: a systematic literature review and future research agenda](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-026-00643-8) | [Management Review Quarterly](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/management-review-quarterly.md) | Rohith Radhakrishnan, E Geetha, Agnes S. Joseph | Manipal Academy of Higher Education; Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies |
| 2026-10-15 | [Does entrepreneurship policy reform institutional conditions? Evidence from India’s Startup India programme](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-026-01023-0) | [Future Business Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/future-business-journal.md) | Gourav Aggarwal, Smita Kashiramka | O. P. Jindal Global University; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi |
| 2026-10-15 | [Investment additionality and job creation: evidence from reforms to regional development funding in Germany](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-026-01570-y) | [The Annals of Regional Science](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/the-annals-of-regional-science.md) | Björn Alecke, Timo Mitze | University of Koblenz and Landau; Universität Koblenz |
| 2026-10-14 | [Rural governance in the sunshine: the standardization of grassroots government affairs disclosure and government-business relations of agriculture-related firms](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2026.10.038) | [Economic Analysis and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-analysis-and-policy.md) | Shuai Xu, Qi Ban, Senran Zhou | Sias University; Guangxi University of Finance and Economics; Wenzhou-Kean University |
| 2026-10-13 | [Training and productivity in micro-firms](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2026.105637) | [Research Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/research-policy.md) | Marco Rispoli, Federico Tamagni | Prometeia (Italy); Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna |
| 2026-10-12 | [Can parent company board reforms influence the risk-taking level of Subsidiaries? Evidence from central state-owned enterprises in China](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105963) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Hua Huang, Xinglin Liu, Xueping Wang | Hubei University of Automotive Technology; Shenzhen Polytechnic University; Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics |
| 2026-10-12 | [Place-based investment incentives and technological upgrading in lagging EU regions: Province-level evidence on inventive activity from Italy’s Mezzogiorno](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2026.107884) | [Economic Modelling](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-modelling.md) | Simone Robbiano | International Labour Organization; Cambridge Econometrics (United Kingdom); University of Genoa |
| 2026-10-11 | [Digital infrastructure, transaction cost reduction, and regional entrepreneurial vitality](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2026.10.020) | [Economic Analysis and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-analysis-and-policy.md) | Jing Xia, Xiaomin Liang, Guixiang Zhang | Guizhou Minzu University |
| 2026-10-10 | [So similar, yet so different: comparing the US GAAP and IFRS experience at eliciting greater transparency on pension asset disclosures](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-026-09992-x) | [Review of Accounting Studies](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/review-of-accounting-studies.md) | Divya Anantharaman, Elizabeth Chuk, Tonni Shijun Xia | Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; University of California, Irvine; San Diego State University |
| 2026-10-09 | [Stablecoin Peg Fragility and Latent Tail-Risk Regimes: Evidence from Peg Deviations and Supply Contractions](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105928) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Edson Pindza | University of South Africa |
| 2026-10-09 | [Place-based variation in health care: evidence from mandatory movers in the U.S. military health system](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2026.103192) | [Journal of Health Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-health-economics.md) | Roxana Leal, Wei Luan, Jonathan Skinner et al. | Institute For Defense Analyses; Dartmouth College; Dartmouth Hospital |
| 2026-10-08 | [Behavioral drivers of cryptocurrency markets: A systematic review](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2026.101265) | [Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-behavioral-and-experimental-finance.md) | Sebastian Steindl, Hans Rüdiger Kaufmann, Bernd Britzelmaier | University of Nicosia; Pforzheim University of Applied Sciences |
| 2026-10-07 | [Governance effectiveness of new rural elites and evaluation of rural revitalization outcomes: Evidence from 1302 samples in China](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105951) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Yulin Tong, Yinghan Zhu, Ji Yiduo et al. | Nanchang University |
| 2026-10-07 | [Do firms conducting environmental projects funded by European Regional Development Funds perform better in Galicia (Spain)? The role of innovation](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-026-01565-9) | [The Annals of Regional Science](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/the-annals-of-regional-science.md) | Diego Sande Veiga, Víctor Giovanny Ballena Domínguez, Paula Noya Vázquez et al. | Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Peruvian University of Applied Sciences; University of Sousse |
| 2026-10-07 | [Human capital structure and corporate green transformation: Skill upgrading or cost burden?](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105926) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Zishun Zhou | Sejong University |
| 2026-10-06 | [Can the digital revolution drive green growth? —the internal mechanism of corporate digital and intelligent transformation and green total factor productivity](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105955) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Siming Chen, Feichong Yue, Yaxi Qian et al. | Chinese Academy of Governance; Jilin University; Shanghai University of Political Science and Law; … |
| 2026-10-06 | [The impact of comprehensive student support on crime: Evidence from the pathways to education program](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2026.103925) | [Journal of Urban Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-urban-economics.md) | Adam Lavecchia, Philip Oreopoulos, Noah Spencer | IZA - Institute of Labor Economics; McMaster University; University of Toronto |
| 2026-10-06 | [Beyond psychology and environment explanations: a linguistic microfoundation approach to entrepreneurs’ anxiety](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116585) | [Journal of Business Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-research.md) | Nitish Singh, Stephen X. Zhang, Wenping Ye et al. | Baylor University; Jinan University; Saint Louis University |
| 2026-10-06 | [Silent partners no more: Wife's managerial involvement and corporate carbon emissions in Chinese family firms](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105936) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Zhan Xu, Yetong Hao | Capital University of Economics and Business |
| 2026-10-06 | [Balancing risk and opportunity: Digital transformation, cybersecurity investments, and export performance in low-tech firms](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116584) | [Journal of Business Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-research.md) | Giovanna Terrizzi, Maria Cristina Cinici, Alba Marino et al. | University of Messina |
| 2026-10-05 | [The impact of omni-channel strategies on consumer behavior in sport product purchases](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2026.105147) | [Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-retailing-and-consumer-services.md) | Sardar Mohammadi, Seyed Mohammad Javad Razavi, Manuel Alonso Dos Santos | University of Kurdistan |
| 2026-10-03 | [Relief policies for equity pledge and corporate innovation: Evidence from Chinese non-state-owned high-tech listed firms](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105938) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Deqiang Deng, Yuli Wang, Jiawei Liu et al. | Nanjing Forestry University; Central University of Finance and Economics; Newcastle University; … |
| 2026-10-02 | [Targeted bidders in government tenders](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2026.107779) | [Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-economic-behavior-organization.md) | Matilde Cappelletti, Leonardo Maria Giuffrida | Centre for European Economic Research; University of Mannheim |
| 2026-10-02 | [Curbing the Green innovation bubble: How Information transparency and green credit work under China’s smart ecological monitoring pilot](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2026.10.003) | [Economic Analysis and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-analysis-and-policy.md) | Wenyan Huang, 岳立 | Lanzhou University |
| 2026-10-02 | [Inside out: cutting-edge methods to decode external opportunities for startup growth](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116571) | [Journal of Business Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-research.md) | Leonardo Mazzoni, Niccolò Innocenti, Stefania Oliva | European University Institute; University of Florence |
| 2026-10-01 | [Revisiting bootstrap inference in propensity score matching: Implications for causal estimation in economics](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2026.107894) | [Economic Modelling](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-modelling.md) | Vicky Zhu, Bingyue Su, Eric W. Chan | Babson College; University of North Carolina at Charlotte |
| 2026-10-01 | [Digital presence and economic performance in science and technology parks: The role of park typology and basic web adoption](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2026.102026) | [Journal of Engineering and Technology Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-engineering-and-technology-management.md) | Sonia Herrero-Luna, Olga Francés, José Abreu et al. | Universidad de Zaragoza; University of Alicante |
| 2026-10-01 | [Green Conscience or Green Strain? Biodiversity Risk and Corporate Tax Avoidance](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2026.110938) | [Finance research letters](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/finance-research-letters.md) | Maryam Najmi | The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley |
| 2026-10-01 | [Can AI Industrial Policy Mitigate Supply Chain Risk? Evidence from China's National AI Pilot Zones](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2026.10.021) | [Economic Analysis and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-analysis-and-policy.md) | Wenjia Li, Bo Ya, Guangxin Jiang | Harbin Institute of Technology |
| 2026-10-01 | [Do relationship disruptions increase spending on product categories high in eudaimonic value?](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2026.09.005) | [Journal of Retailing](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-retailing.md) | Satheesh Seenivasan, Davide Christian Orazi, Elena Fumagalli et al. | Monash University; Instituto Centroamericano de Administración de Empresas; University of Bath; … |
| 2026-10-01 | [Does tax information sharing contribute to employment in micro and small enterprises? Evidence from China's bank-tax interaction policy](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105927) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Weiting Qin, Renjie Zhang | Xi'an Jiaotong University |
| 2026-10-01 | [Stock benchmarking and corporate ESG performance](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2026.10.001) | [Economic Analysis and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-analysis-and-policy.md) | Jiliang Sheng, Lanlan Zeng, Miao Li et al. | Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics |
| 2026-10-01 | [Bridging the digital divide: How banking services nudge digital economy participation](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2026.105434) | [International Review of Financial Analysis](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-financial-analysis.md) | Wenda Song, Haiyang Zhang | University of International Business and Economics; ARTS Group (China) |
| 2026-10-01 | [Ambidextrous innovation and digital transformation](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2026.101171) | [Journal of Innovation & Knowledge](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-innovation-knowledge.md) | Yaoxiang Tang, Yutao Zhou, Fan Yu et al. | Chongqing Technology and Business University; Shanghai University of Engineering Science |
| 2026-10-01 | [CEO Inherited Altruism, Firm Corporate Social Responsibility, and Shareholder Returns](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-026-06475-6) | [Journal of Business Ethics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-ethics.md) | Miriam Marra, Jing Ruan, Lisa Schopohl et al. | ICMA Centre; University of Reading; KIMEP University; … |
| 2026-10-01 | [Do Investment Provisions in Regional Agreements Foster Growth? A Quasi-experimental Analysis of the ASEAN–Japan Partnership](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2026.10.040) | [Economic Analysis and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-analysis-and-policy.md) | S S Wu, Yang Liu, Shun Li et al. | University of Malaya; UNSW Sydney; Dankook University |
| 2026-09-30 | [Employee well-being in private equity-backed firms](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2026.110839) | [Finance research letters](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/finance-research-letters.md) | Huynh Sang Truong, Uwe Walz B | Goethe University Frankfurt; Vietnamese-German University; European Corporate Governance Institute; … |
| 2026-09-30 | [Artificial intelligence and labor investment efficiency: evidence from U.S. firms](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2026.103684) | [Journal of International Money and Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-international-money-and-finance.md) | Kai Xing, Kepeng Xiong, Fulong Xiao et al. | Nanchang University; Bangor University |
| 2026-09-30 | [Order-flow toxicity in cryptocurrency perpetual futures: Order flow signals, price-impact persistence, and the limits of volatility-based metrics](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105876) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Suresh Rajendran, Divya Singaravelu |  |
| 2026-09-29 | [Does climate risk matter for the financial and social efficiencies of microfinance institutions?](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105918) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Zheng Chen, Junru Zhang | Curtin University; The University of Western Australia |
| 2026-09-29 | [Political uncertainty and international investment diversification: Cross country evidence](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2026.105426) | [International Review of Financial Analysis](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-financial-analysis.md) | Frank Obenpong Kwabi, Agyenim Boateng, Chizindu Wonu et al. | De Montfort University; Leeds Beckett University; Coventry University |
| 2026-09-29 | [The price of ethics: Liquidity and safe haven properties of responsible physical gold ETPs](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2026.103646) | [Research in International Business and Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/research-in-international-business-and-finance.md) | Borja Amor Tapia, Paula Castro, María Teresa Tascón Fernández | Universidad de León |
| 2026-09-29 | [Can data factor marketization curb real earnings management? Evidence from the establishment of data asset trading platforms](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105916) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Ningzhi Wang, J. Andrew Zhang, Limin Xu | Huangshan University; Shanghai International Studies University; The University of Adelaide |
| 2026-09-29 | [The 52-week high liquidity mirage: How behavioral convergence impairs price discovery](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2026.107830) | [Journal of Banking & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-banking-finance.md) | Joshua Della Vedova, Mingze Gao, Andrew R. Grant et al. | Macquarie University; The University of Sydney; University of San Diego |
| 2026-09-28 | [Stock exchange governance pressure and the valuation of liquid assets: Evidence from Japanese listed firms](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2026.110825) | [Finance research letters](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/finance-research-letters.md) | Hideo Nakamura, Katsutoshi Shimizu | Nagoya University |
| 2026-09-28 | [Skill certifications and migrant labor market integration: Experimental evidence from Colombia](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103949) | [Journal of Development Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-development-economics.md) | Matias Busso, Carolina González-Velosa, Juan Sebastian Muñoz-Morales et al. | Inter-American Development Bank; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université de Lille; … |
| 2026-09-28 | [How AI and technology’s skill-bias impact the delayed retirement desire in China](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-026-09881-x) | [Review of Economics of the Household](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/review-of-economics-of-the-household.md) | Zhuo Zhang, Debasis Bandyopadhyay | University of Auckland |

## Cite this page

Scholar4AI. (2026). Propensity score matching. Journal Research Rankings. Retrieved October 26, 2026, from https://scholar4ai.com/equations/propensity-score-matching

```bibtex
@misc{scholar4ai-equations-propensity-score-matching,
  author = {{Scholar4AI}},
  title = {Propensity score matching},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://scholar4ai.com/equations/propensity-score-matching}},
  urldate = {2026-10-26},
  note = {Journal Research Rankings; data from OpenAlex (CC0); licensed CC BY-NC 4.0}
}
```

License: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).