---
title: "Robust optimization: formula, variables and example"
description: "Robust optimization explained: variables, a worked example, related methods and assumptions. Optimises against the worst case within an uncertainty set U; distributionally robust versions use sets of distributions."
url: https://scholar4ai.com/equations/robust-optimization
markdown_url: https://scholar4ai.com/equations/robust-optimization.md
license: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
share_text: "Robust optimization explained: variables, a worked example, related methods and assumptions. Optimises against the worst case within an uncertainty set U; distributionally robust versions use sets of distributions. (as of 2026-11-05)"
data_url: https://scholar4ai.com/data/rankings.json
updated: 2026-11-05T06:02:37+09:00
window: 2026-10-07 to 2026-11-05
source: OpenAlex (CC0)
---

# Robust optimization

$$
\min_{x}\ \max_{u \in U} f(x, u)
$$

Optimises against the worst case within an uncertainty set U; distributionally robust versions use sets of distributions.

- area: Optimization and metaheuristics
- 8 papers in the last 7 days
- Names searched for: robust optimization, robust optimisation, distributionally robust

Back to the ranking: https://scholar4ai.com/rankings/equations.md

## Variables and notation

x is the decision, u an uncertain parameter within set U and f(x,u) its objective; the inner maximum represents worst-case cost.

## Worked example

Suppose candidate A costs 2 or 8 across two allowed scenarios and B costs 5 or 6. Worst-case costs are 8 and 6, so the robust choice among these candidates is B.

## Related methods and when to use them

Expected-cost optimization might prefer A if the cheap scenario is likely; robust optimization does not require those probabilities. Its conservatism depends strongly on the uncertainty set.

## Sources and further reading

- [The Price of Robustness](https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.1030.0065)

Examples use illustrative inputs, not observed research results. Logarithms are natural unless stated otherwise. Guide updated 2026-11-05. Prepared by Scholar4AI. [Editorial and verification policy](/editorial-policy).

## Key findings

- Robust optimization was mentioned in 49 papers in the last 30 days (2026-10-07 to 2026-11-05), ranking #23 of the 248 equations and models mentioned.
- By journal category: Operations Research (30), AI (13), Economics (5) and Finance (1).
- Most of them appeared in Expert Systems with Applications (3), Computers & Operations Research (3) and Operations Research Forum (3).
- Often mentioned together with Linear and integer programming (16), Two-stage stochastic programming (7) and Genetic algorithm (5).
- Datasets named in the same papers: Facebook (2), Hugging Face Hub (2) and MIMIC (2).
- From Nov 2023 to Oct 2026, 2,046 archived papers mentioned Robust optimization in their title, abstract or keywords (the search of earlier months' full texts is still under way), most of them in Jul 2026 (85).
- From 2017 to 2026 (so far), Robust optimization was mentioned in 3,169 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in operations research (2,168), AI (780) and economics (78).
- 671 of them were published in 2025, against 117 in 2017.
- Since 2023, the institutions with the most of these papers were Hong Kong Polytechnic University (64), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (51) and Tsinghua University (46).
- The journals publishing most of them were European Journal of Operational Research (171), Annals of Operations Research (132) and Computers & Industrial Engineering (123).
- The most-cited of them is “Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap” (IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2024), with 1,381 citations.

## Mentions over 36 months

*Papers mentioning it by publication month, Nov 2023 to Oct 2026 (titles, abstracts and keywords; the full texts of earlier months are still being searched)*

| Trend | Nov 23–Oct 24 | Nov 24–Oct 25 | Nov 25–Oct 26 | 36 months |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|
|  | 588 | 691 | 767 | 2,046 |

## Papers per year

*Papers per publication year and category*

| Category | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 (so far) |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| [Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/operations-research.md) | 97 | 120 | 119 | 101 | 163 | 184 | 186 | 368 | 388 | 442 |
| [AI](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/ai.md) | 12 | 11 | 15 | 14 | 21 | 34 | 63 | 219 | 231 | 160 |
| [Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/economics.md) | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 12 | 19 | 24 |
| [Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/finance.md) | 4 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 17 | 17 | 20 |
| [Information Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/information-systems.md) | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 9 | 8 |
| [Management](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/management.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 7 | 11 |
| [Marketing](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/marketing.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [Statistics](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/statistics.md) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| [Tourism and Hospitality](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/tourism-and-hospitality.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| [Higher Education and Research](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/higher-education-and-research.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| All categories | 117 | 136 | 145 | 122 | 192 | 228 | 257 | 628 | 671 | 673 |

## Where the papers come from

*Journals with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Journal | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [European Journal of Operational Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/european-journal-of-operational-research.md) | 171 |
| 2 | [Annals of Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/annals-of-operations-research.md) | 132 |
| 3 | [Computers & Industrial Engineering](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computers-industrial-engineering.md) | 123 |
| 4 | [Transportation Research Part E Logistics and Transportation Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/transportation-research-part-e-logistics-and-transportation-review.md) | 121 |
| 5 | [Computers & Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computers-operations-research.md) | 107 |
| 6 | [Expert Systems with Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/expert-systems-with-applications.md) | 99 |
| 7 | [Artificial Intelligence Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/artificial-intelligence-review.md) | 65 |
| 8 | [Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/transportation-research-part-c-emerging-technologies.md) | 59 |
| 9 | [Omega](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/omega.md) | 58 |
| 10 | [Mathematical Programming](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/mathematical-programming.md) | 55 |

*Institutions with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Institution | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [Hong Kong Polytechnic University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/hong-kong-polytechnic-university.md) | 64 |
| 2 | [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/centre-national-de-la-recherche-scientifique.md) | 51 |
| 3 | [Tsinghua University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/tsinghua-university.md) | 46 |
| 4 | [Beijing Jiaotong University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/beijing-jiaotong-university.md) | 34 |
| 5 | [Beijing Institute of Technology](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/beijing-institute-of-technology.md) | 33 |
| 6 | [Shanghai University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/shanghai-university.md) | 33 |
| 7 | [Chinese Academy of Sciences](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/chinese-academy-of-sciences.md) | 32 |
| 8 | [Nanyang Technological University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/nanyang-technological-university.md) | 32 |
| 9 | [University of Chinese Academy of Sciences](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-chinese-academy-of-sciences.md) | 32 |
| 10 | [National University of Singapore](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/national-university-of-singapore.md) | 31 |

*Countries with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Country | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | China | 801 |
| 2 | United States | 342 |
| 3 | United Kingdom | 244 |
| 4 | Germany | 154 |
| 5 | France | 145 |
| 6 | Hong Kong | 138 |
| 7 | Australia | 128 |
| 8 | Iran | 127 |
| 9 | Canada | 124 |
| 10 | Italy | 116 |

*Keywords with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Keyword | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [robust optimization](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/robust-optimization.md) | 498 |
| 2 | distributionally robust optimization | 320 |
| 3 | [demand uncertainty](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/demand-uncertainty.md) | 182 |
| 4 | [multi-objective optimization](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/multi-objective-optimization.md) | 109 |
| 5 | [mixed-integer linear programming](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/mixed-integer-linear-programming.md) | 94 |
| 6 | column-and-constraint generation | 87 |
| 7 | [large language models](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/large-language-models.md) | 73 |
| 8 | Benders decomposition | 71 |
| 9 | two-stage robust optimization | 69 |
| 10 | facility location | 64 |

## Most-cited papers

*Most-cited papers since 2017*

| # | Citations | Per month | Title | Journal | Published | Authors |
|---:|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1,381 | 40.8 | [Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap](https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2024.3352100) | [IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-knowledge-and-data-engineering.md) | 2024-01-10 | Shirui Pan, Linhao Luo, Yufei Wang et al. |
| 2 | 710 | 6.2 | [Supply chain network design under uncertainty: A comprehensive review and future research directions](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.04.009) | [European Journal of Operational Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/european-journal-of-operational-research.md) | 2017-04-08 | Kannan Govindan, Mohammad Fattahi, Esmaeil Keyvanshokooh |
| 3 | 628 | 5.4 | [Data-driven robust optimization](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10107-017-1125-8) | [Mathematical Programming](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/mathematical-programming.md) | 2017-02-25 | Dimitris Bertsimas, Vishal Gupta, Nathan Kallus |
| 4 | 527 | 4.6 | [A framework for sensitivity analysis of decision trees](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10100-017-0479-6) | [Central European Journal of Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/central-european-journal-of-operations-research.md) | 2017-05-24 | Bogumił Kamiński, Michał Jakubczyk, Przemysław Szufel |
| 5 | 395 | 14.9 | [Large language models (LLMs): survey, technical frameworks, and future challenges](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-10888-y) | [Artificial Intelligence Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/artificial-intelligence-review.md) | 2024-08-18 | Pranjal Kumar |
| 6 | 326 | 3.1 | [Data-driven risk-averse stochastic optimization with Wasserstein metric](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orl.2018.01.011) | [Operations Research Letters](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/operations-research-letters.md) | 2018-02-09 | Chaoyue Zhao, Yongpei Guan |
| 7 | 322 | 3.3 | [A survey of adjustable robust optimization](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2018.08.031) | [European Journal of Operational Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/european-journal-of-operational-research.md) | 2018-09-06 | İhsan Yanıkoğlu, Bram L. Gorissen, Dick den Hertog |
| 8 | 319 | 9.6 | [Advances and Challenges in Meta-Learning: A Technical Review](https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3357847) | [IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-pattern-analysis-and-machine-intelligence.md) | 2024-01-24 | Anna Vettoruzzo, Mohamed-Rafik Bouguelia, Joaquin Vanschoren et al. |
| 9 | 312 | 9.0 | [PromptCast: A New Prompt-Based Learning Paradigm for Time Series Forecasting](https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2023.3342137) | [IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-knowledge-and-data-engineering.md) | 2023-12-13 | Hao Xue, Flora Dilys Salim |
| 10 | 264 | 3.0 | [The electric vehicle routing problem with energy consumption uncertainty](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2019.06.006) | [Transportation Research Part B Methodological](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/transportation-research-part-b-methodological.md) | 2019-06-25 | Samuel Pelletier, Ola Jabali, Gilbert Laporte A |

Archive counts by publication year: a paper counts when its title, abstract or keywords name the equation, or when OpenAlex's full-text search finds it there (searched for the last 30 days' papers and, by a pass over the past years, for older ones). Names added to the list later are looked for in older papers as the archive is read again.

*Papers mentioning Robust optimization, newest first.*

| Date | Title | Journal | Authors | Affiliations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-11-04 | [Distributionally robust operational planning for mixed charging and decentralized swapping](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2026.105361) | [Transportation Research Part E Logistics and Transportation Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/transportation-research-part-e-logistics-and-transportation-review.md) | Jianzhi Leng, Lun Ran, Chi Xie et al. |  |
| 2026-11-02 | [Square-root loss optimization for robust sparse precision matrix estimation: A Wasserstein distributionally robust perspective](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.134906) | [Expert Systems with Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/expert-systems-with-applications.md) | Ning Zhang, Jia-Nan Liu, Yi Zhang | East China University of Science and Technology; Dongguan University of Technology |
| 2026-11-01 | [A distributionally robust optimization model for road–rail intermodal transportation of hazardous materials with product-code conversion under demand uncertainty](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2026.105347) | [Transportation Research Part E Logistics and Transportation Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/transportation-research-part-e-logistics-and-transportation-review.md) | Xunqing Wang, Jiaping Li, Mingliang Ma et al. | Shandong Institute of Business and Technology |
| 2026-10-31 | [Robust mask-based appointment scheduling in primary care practices](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10729-026-09789-z) | [Health Care Management Science](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/health-care-management-science.md) | Sabrina Schmitz, Martin Comis, Christina Büsing | RWTH Aachen University |
| 2026-10-31 | [Solving 0–1 integer programs with unknown knapsack constraints using membership oracles](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10589-026-00853-6) | [Computational Optimization and Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computational-optimization-and-applications.md) | Rosario Messana, Rui Chen, Andrea Lodi et al. | Cornell Tech; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen; Technion – Israel Institute of Technology; … |
| 2026-10-30 | [Chance constrained optimization of hub transport systems](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2026.107709) | [Computers & Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computers-operations-research.md) | Max Bourgeat, Öykü Naz Attila, Rémy Chevrier et al. | Centre interuniversitaire de recherche sur les réseaux d'entreprise, la logistique et le transport; Polytechnique Montréal; Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Français (France); … |
| 2026-10-30 | [Factors influencing aircraft ground delays in passenger air transport: Evidence from China](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2026.105329) | [Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/transportation-research-part-a-policy-and-practice.md) | Yuwei Zhou, Lei Bian, Hanjun Wu | Beihang University; Massey University |
| 2026-10-30 | [Optimal reserve prices under seller uncertainty](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-026-01758-5) | [Economic Theory](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-theory.md) | Allan Hernandez-Chanto, Dong‐Hyuk Kim | The University of Queensland |
| 2026-10-29 | [Extending PPCEF: probabilistically plausible counterfactual explanations for regression and heterogeneous tabular data](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10618-026-01286-9) | [Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/data-mining-and-knowledge-discovery.md) | Oleksii Furman, Ł.ukasz Lenkiewicz, Jerzy Stefanowski et al. | Wrocław University of Science and Technology; Poznań University of Technology |
| 2026-10-29 | [A chance-constrained robust model for the multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem with uncertain activity durations](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2026.112481) | [Computers & Industrial Engineering](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computers-industrial-engineering.md) | Changchun Liu | Xi'an Jiaotong University |
| 2026-10-29 | [Robust deterministic policies for Markov decision processes under budgeted uncertainty](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disopt.2026.100973) | [Discrete Optimization](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/discrete-optimization.md) | Fei Wu, Erik L. Demeulemeester, Jannik Matuschke | Tsinghua University; KU Leuven |
| 2026-10-28 | [Validating Worst-Case System Performance Under Multi-State System Disruptions: Evidence from Supply Chain Networks](https://doi.org/10.1007/s43069-026-00713-3) | [Operations Research Forum](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/operations-research-forum.md) | Ashish Chandra | Illinois State University |
| 2026-10-27 | [On Convexity and Optimization Approaches for Electric Vehicle Charging Scheduling Under Time-of-Use Pricing](https://doi.org/10.1007/s43069-026-00711-5) | [Operations Research Forum](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/operations-research-forum.md) | Heena Jain, Churlzu Lim | University of North Carolina at Charlotte |
| 2026-10-24 | [A Stackelberg game analytics model for pricing and integration in a three-channel renewable microgrid supply chain](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sca.2026.100250) | [Supply Chain Analytics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/supply-chain-analytics.md) | Mohammad Amin Maftoon, Razieh Keshavarzfard, Narges Norouzi | Islamic Azad University, Tehran |
| 2026-10-24 | [Optimal Portfolio Allocation with Gromov-Wasserstein Barycenter](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10614-026-11445-1) | [Computational Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computational-economics.md) | Alessandro Spelta, Nicoló Pecora, Mario Maggi | University of Pavia; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore |
| 2026-10-23 | [The paradox of standardization: A game-theoretic analysis of EV charging station compatibility policy](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115667) | [Energy Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/energy-policy.md) | Mingqing Ma, Lei Chen, Chaocheng Gu | Nanjing University of Finance and Economics; Jinan University |
| 2026-10-23 | [Truck appointment quota optimization for an inland logistics port: Balancing port operational efficiency and planning stability for trucking companies](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2026.112476) | [Computers & Industrial Engineering](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computers-industrial-engineering.md) | Yating Li, Yongman Zhao, Shi Qiang Liu et al. | Shihezi University; Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; … |
| 2026-10-23 | [Robust queueing for single-server queues with abandonment](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11134-026-10009-2) | [Queueing Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/queueing-systems.md) | Wei You |  |
| 2026-10-23 | [Retrieval-augmented generation in biomedicine: a survey of technologies, datasets, and clinical applications](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-026-11743-y) | [Artificial Intelligence Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/artificial-intelligence-review.md) | Jiawei He, Boya Zhang, Hossein Rouhizadeh et al. | University of Geneva; Hunan City University; Henan University; … |
| 2026-10-21 | [Pricing over a bundle network](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2026.107704) | [Computers & Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computers-operations-research.md) | Trivikram Dokka, Sonali Sen Gupta | Air Products (United Kingdom); Queen's University Belfast |
| 2026-10-20 | [A Distributionally Robust Framework for Sustainable Freight Transportation](https://doi.org/10.1007/s43069-026-00706-2) | [Operations Research Forum](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/operations-research-forum.md) | Thiziri Sifaoui, Méziane Aı̈der | University of Tamanghasset; Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou; University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene; … |
| 2026-10-20 | [Social distancing under strategic uncertainty: The role of strategic sophistication in the COVID-19 pandemic](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11166-026-09512-x) | [Journal of Risk and Uncertainty](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-risk-and-uncertainty.md) | Mimi Jeon, Seonghoon Kim, Kanghyock Koh et al. | Korea Fair Trade Commission; Singapore Management University; Korea University; … |
| 2026-10-20 | [A carbon-sensitive heterogeneous fleet framework for time-critical urban quick-commerce delivery with synchronised drone integration](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2026.101919) | [Research in Transportation Business & Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/research-in-transportation-business-management.md) | Gülseli İşler, Harun Reşit Yazg̈an, Muhammed Sever | Sakarya University |
| 2026-10-20 | [Weighted UnLearning from Experience for Improved Spurious Correlation Robustness](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-026-07164-1) | [Machine Learning](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/machine-learning.md) | Jeff Mitchell, Jesus Martinez-del-Rincon, Niall McLaughlin | Queen's University Belfast |
| 2026-10-19 | [A dual-perspective two-stage robust minimum cost consensus modeling for trust-based large-scale group decision making](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2026.104883) | [Information Fusion](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/information-fusion.md) | Yiran Wang, Yanjing Guo, Zhongming Wu et al. | Southeast University; Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology |
| 2026-10-19 | [Solutions of two-stage stochastic minimax problems](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10107-026-02428-z) | [Mathematical Programming](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/mathematical-programming.md) | Hailin Sun, Xiaojun Chen | Nanjing Normal University; Hong Kong Polytechnic University |
| 2026-10-18 | [Robust vertiport location planning under operational disruptions: A two-stage optimization framework integrating UAM-HSR demand shifts](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104463) | [Transport Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/transport-policy.md) | Gege Jiang, Wu Hui, Shengjie Ma et al. | Sun Yat-sen University; Central South University |
| 2026-10-18 | [Design of hybrid multi-energy systems under uncertainty: An adjustable robust optimization approach](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2026.107705) | [Computers & Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computers-operations-research.md) | Patrizia Beraldi, Derya Dinler | University of Calabria; Hacettepe University |
| 2026-10-17 | [Language modeling on tabular data: a survey of foundations, techniques and evolution](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-026-11726-z) | [Artificial Intelligence Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/artificial-intelligence-review.md) | Yucheng Ruan, Xiang Lan, Jingying Ma et al. | National University of Singapore; Institute of Data Science |
| 2026-10-16 | [Scenario-based robust optimization for the design of a resilient and sustainable power supply chain network using energy storage system](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12351-026-01104-6) | [Operational Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/operational-research.md) | Elyas Nemati | University of Tehran |
| 2026-10-16 | [ITEACH-Net: Inverted teacher-student search network for emotion recognition in conversation](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2026.104643) | [Artificial Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/artificial-intelligence.md) | Haiyang Sun, Zheng Lian, Chenglong Wang et al. | Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Automation; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; … |
| 2026-10-15 | [Uncertainty-aware stock selection and portfolio optimization with deep learning-based return prediction](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-026-07448-8) | [Annals of Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/annals-of-operations-research.md) | Mustafa Etcil, Burak Kolukısa, Burcu Bakır Güngör | Abdullah Gül University; Kayseri Üniversitesi |
| 2026-10-14 | [Robust Data-Driven CARA Optimization](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10107-026-02429-y) | [Mathematical Programming](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/mathematical-programming.md) | Li Chen, Arjun Ramachandra, Napat Rujeerapaiboon | The University of Sydney; Indian Institute of Management Bangalore; National University of Singapore |
| 2026-10-14 | [Demand-driven urban rail transit timetabling: Research perspectives](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2026.106070) | [Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/transportation-research-part-c-emerging-technologies.md) | Tommaso Schettini, Ola Jabali, Gilbert Laporte et al. | Concordia University; HEC Montréal; Politecnico di Milano; … |
| 2026-10-14 | [Modeling and simulating human behavior in large-scale emergency evacuations: A comprehensive review](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2026.103611) | [Transportation Research Part B Methodological](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/transportation-research-part-b-methodological.md) | Shiva Moslemi, Ada Arıkanoğlu, Vedat Bayram et al. | Koç University; University of Kent; TED University |
| 2026-10-13 | [Hierarchical facility location-inventory-routing problem for maximal joint and gradual coverage](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12351-026-01095-4) | [Operational Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/operational-research.md) | Büşra Sultan Bayat, Ertan Yakıcı, Levent Erişkin et al. | Milli Savunma Üniversitesi; Çankaya University; Piri Reis University; … |
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## Cite this page

Scholar4AI. (2026). Robust optimization. Journal and Conference Research Rankings. Retrieved November 5, 2026, from https://scholar4ai.com/equations/robust-optimization

```bibtex
@misc{scholar4ai-equations-robust-optimization,
  author = {{Scholar4AI}},
  title = {Robust optimization},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://scholar4ai.com/equations/robust-optimization}},
  urldate = {2026-11-05},
  note = {Journal and Conference Research Rankings; data from OpenAlex (CC0); licensed CC BY-NC 4.0}
}
```

License: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).