---
title: "Total factor productivity (Solow residual)"
description: "Total factor productivity (Solow residual) was mentioned in 57 papers in the last 30 days (2026-09-27 to 2026-10-26), ranking #17 of the 104 equations and models mentioned."
url: https://scholar4ai.com/equations/total-factor-productivity-solow-residual
markdown_url: https://scholar4ai.com/equations/total-factor-productivity-solow-residual.md
license: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
share_text: "Total factor productivity (Solow residual) was mentioned in 57 papers in the last 30 days (2026-09-27 to 2026-10-26), ranking #17 of the 104 equations and models mentioned."
data_url: https://scholar4ai.com/data/rankings.json
updated: 2026-10-26T14:52:47+09:00
window: 2026-09-27 to 2026-10-26
source: OpenAlex (CC0)
---

# Total factor productivity (Solow residual)

$$
\ln A_t = \ln Y_t - \alpha \ln K_t - (1 - \alpha) \ln L_t
$$

The part of output growth not explained by measured inputs.

- area: Growth, trade and environment
- 3 papers in the last 7 days
- Names searched for: total factor productivity, Solow residual, TFP

Back to the ranking: https://scholar4ai.com/rankings/equations.md

## Key findings

- Total factor productivity (Solow residual) was mentioned in 57 papers in the last 30 days (2026-09-27 to 2026-10-26), ranking #17 of the 104 equations and models mentioned.
- By journal category: Economics (28), Finance (19), Management (8), AI (1) and Operations Research (1).
- Most of them appeared in International Review of Economics & Finance (11), Economic Analysis and Policy (6) and Economic Modelling (5).
- Often mentioned together with Instrumental variables (two-stage least squares) (21), Ordinary least squares (OLS) (13) and Difference-in-differences (10).
- Datasets named in the same papers: CSMAR (9), World Development Indicators (World Bank) (6) and International Energy Agency (IEA) (5).
- From Oct 2023 to Sep 2026, 488 archived papers mentioned Total factor productivity (Solow residual) in their title, abstract or keywords, most of them in Aug 2025 (35).

## Mentions over 36 months

*Papers mentioning it by publication month, Oct 2023 to Sep 2026 (titles, abstracts and keywords)*

| Trend | Oct 23–Sep 24 | Oct 24–Sep 25 | Oct 25–Sep 26 | 36 months |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|
|  | 187 | 283 | 18 | 488 |

*Papers mentioning Total factor productivity (Solow residual), newest first. Newest 50 of 57 papers; all of them are in /data/papers.json.*

| Date | Title | Journal | Authors | Affiliations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-21 | [Global value chains and credit risk in times of exogenous shocks](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290-026-00674-z) | [Review of World Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/review-of-world-economics.md) | Filomena Pietrovito, Chiara Franco | University of Molise; University of Pisa |
| 2026-10-21 | [When bargaining power matters: foreign direct investment and bilateral GDP disparities](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-026-02990-7) | [Empirical Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/empirical-economics.md) | Xing Xu, Emin Gahramanov, Qinglai Meng et al. | Shanghai Institute of Technology; American University of Sharjah; Oregon State University; … |
| 2026-10-21 | [Digital capability reconfiguration as a catalyst: How environmental regulation shapes corporate total factor productivity—evidence from China's manufacturing industry](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105999) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Binjiang He, Wei Chen, Chunqi Hu | Jiangxi University of Technology; Jiangxi University of Science and Technology |
| 2026-10-19 | [Firm-level effects of AI attention on wages and productivity: A global comparative study](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2026.124913) | [Technological Forecasting and Social Change](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technological-forecasting-and-social-change.md) | Swapnanil SenGupta | Goethe University Frankfurt; Halle Institute for Economic Research |
| 2026-10-17 | [The transparency dividend: Effects of corporate environmental management information disclosure on green-tech FDIs in emerging-market cities](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2026.101433) | [Journal of International Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-international-management.md) | Zhuoran Liu, Yameng Zhang, Honglan Yu et al. | Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University; University of Sheffield |
| 2026-10-17 | [The shapes of knowledge spillovers: the AC-KS model](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-026-01286-5) | [Small Business Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/small-business-economics.md) | Gustavo A. Barboza, Alessandro Braga, Aubin Duchier | Loyola University New Orleans |
| 2026-10-16 | [Sustainable finance versus non-sustainable finance and environmental sustainability: evidence from selected OECD economies](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-026-00981-2) | [Financial Innovation](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/financial-innovation.md) | Daniel Balsalobre‐Lorente, Magdalena Radulescu, Niu Rong et al. | Azerbaijan State University of Economics; Universidad Ecotec; University of Castilla-La Mancha; … |
| 2026-10-15 | [Flying low for greener farms: Configurational pathways linking the low-altitude economy to agricultural green total factor productivity in China](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2026.124918) | [Technological Forecasting and Social Change](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technological-forecasting-and-social-change.md) | Lei Zhou, Shiyuan Wang, Yanbang Zhou et al. | Renmin University of China |
| 2026-10-14 | [Place-based big data policies and firm productivity: A design-sensitivity reassessment of China’s National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zones](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2026.10.044) | [Economic Analysis and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-analysis-and-policy.md) | Fanglan Xu, Yuhan Lei |  |
| 2026-10-09 | [The impact of regional economic growth pressure on CSR disclosure: Evidence from China](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105959) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Huahong Yan, Mingxuan Zhu, Jing Liu et al. | Capital University of Economics and Business; Shanxi University of Finance and Economics |
| 2026-10-09 | [Financial frictions, systematic distortions and innovation](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2026.103819) | [Journal of Macroeconomics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-macroeconomics.md) | Nasir Hossein Dad | Boise State University |
| 2026-10-08 | [Driving low-carbon technology diffusion in heterogeneous steel enterprises through carbon emissions trading: An evolutionary game analysis](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115653) | [Energy Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/energy-policy.md) | Hui Wang, Yujian Sun, Zhenghua Rao et al. | Central South University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University |
| 2026-10-08 | [Can tax incentives enhance the total factor productivity of specialized and sophisticated enterprises? A perspective from resource allocation](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2026.110900) | [Finance research letters](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/finance-research-letters.md) | Wenhai Xu, Ying Yuan, Fangfang Zhao | Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Institute of Shipbuilding Technology |
| 2026-10-08 | [Is the relationship between climate policy uncertainty and cash holding nonlinear?](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2026.102730) | [The North American Journal of Economics and Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/the-north-american-journal-of-economics-and-finance.md) | Augustinos I. Dimitras, Efstathios Magerakis, George Peppas | Hellenic Open University |
| 2026-10-08 | [Combining digital and green technologies in regions: How to close the gap with respect to the frontier?](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2026.105636) | [Research Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/research-policy.md) | Stefano Basilico, Alberto Marzucchi, Sandro Montresor | University of Southern Denmark; Gran Sasso Science Institute; University of Trento |
| 2026-10-07 | [Human capital structure and corporate green transformation: Skill upgrading or cost burden?](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105926) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Zishun Zhou | Sejong University |
| 2026-10-06 | [Courts and chains: The real effects of judicial independence on supply chain stability](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2026.103101) | [Journal of Corporate Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-corporate-finance.md) | Binyan Ling, Donghui Li, Ting Yang et al. | Peking University; Chongqing Technology and Business University; Shenzhen University; … |
| 2026-10-06 | [Toward sustainability: Digital transformation's role in mediating government-enterprise distance impact on green innovation](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2026.103653) | [Research in International Business and Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/research-in-international-business-and-finance.md) | Weilong Wang, Haitao Wu, Jiayu Yang et al. | Chongqing Technology and Business University; Chongqing University of Science and Technology; Chongqing University of Technology; … |
| 2026-10-06 | [Can the digital revolution drive green growth? —the internal mechanism of corporate digital and intelligent transformation and green total factor productivity](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105955) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Siming Chen, Feichong Yue, Yaxi Qian et al. | Chinese Academy of Governance; Jilin University; Shanghai University of Political Science and Law; … |
| 2026-10-06 | [Green hydrogen promotion in Cameroon: Implications for sustainable development](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115629) | [Energy Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/energy-policy.md) | Anja Brumme, Alexander Golub, Anil Markandya et al. | TU Bergakademie Freiberg; American University; Basque Centre for Climate Change |
| 2026-10-05 | [Government size, civic capital and economic performance: An O-ring approach](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2026.107885) | [Economic Modelling](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-modelling.md) | Luciano Mauro, Francesco Pigliaru, Gaetano Carmeci | University of Trieste; University of Cagliari |
| 2026-10-05 | [How parent resource allocation shapes group productivity: The contingent role of subsidiary traits](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105943) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Jianyong Liu, Yizheng Wu, Wei Zhang et al. | China University of Mining and Technology; Shanghai University of International Business and Economics |
| 2026-10-05 | [The cost of collateral scarcity: Asset prices and misallocation in supply crises](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2026.107873) | [Economic Modelling](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-modelling.md) | Ye Zhang, Ying Tung Chan | Tohoku University; Beijing Normal-Hong Kong Baptist University |
| 2026-10-05 | [The empirics of the tourism–growth nexus: how does tourism specialization affect regional growth paths?](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-026-01574-8) | [The Annals of Regional Science](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/the-annals-of-regional-science.md) | David Boto‐García, Roberto Balado‐Naves, José Francisco Baños-Pino et al. | Universidad de Oviedo |
| 2026-10-05 | [Beyond productivity: Does ICT agglomeration drive regional eco-efficiency?](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2026.09.009) | [Structural Change and Economic Dynamics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/structural-change-and-economic-dynamics.md) | Maria Chiara D’Errico, Anna Maria Ferragina, Stefano Iandolo et al. | University of Perugia; University of Salerno; École Supérieure du Commerce Extérieur; … |
| 2026-10-05 | [Sailing on trust: The impact of social credit system construction on corporate ESG performance](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105944) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Zhiqiang Bian, Caibin Zhang | Shandong Institute of Business and Technology; Liaoning University |
| 2026-10-04 | [Intelligent revolution and corporate capital market performance](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2026.102243) | [The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/the-quarterly-review-of-economics-and-finance.md) | Yongwei Ye, Wanyue Hou | Shanghai University of Finance and Economics; University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences |
| 2026-10-04 | [Non-market strategies and environmental management: Framework for effective sustainable transformation](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116568) | [Journal of Business Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-research.md) | Lev S. Shalev, Irina Heim, Yelena Kalyuzhnova et al. | University of Reading |
| 2026-10-03 | [A golden rule for migration? Demographic adjustment and public debt sustainability in the European Union](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105930) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Giovanni Carnazza, Emilio Carnevali | University of Pisa; University of Salerno |
| 2026-10-03 | [Can green finance policies empower high-polluting enterprises for sustainable development? Evidence from China](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-026-01063-4) | [Review of Managerial Science](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/review-of-managerial-science.md) | Zhiqiang Cai, Wenjie Zhang | Lanzhou University; Huazhong University of Science and Technology |
| 2026-10-03 | [Breaking the gap between words and deeds: Can firm-level Fintech mitigate ESG decoupling?](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105910) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Linfang Tan, Da Gao, Xinyu Zhang | Wuhan University; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Liaoning University |
| 2026-10-02 | [The impact of international clean energy finance and public policies on the low-carbon energy transition: Evidence from Egypt and Brazil](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115647) | [Energy Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/energy-policy.md) | Tunahan Değirmenci, Yusuf Ünsal | Sakarya University; Azerbaijan State University of Economics; Anadolu University |
| 2026-10-02 | [Digital cooperation, uneven upgrading and the governance dilemma: Evidence from China–Thailand cross-border digital economy collaboration](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2026.10.002) | [Economic Analysis and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-analysis-and-policy.md) | Supanika Leurcharusmee, Leilong Ma |  |
| 2026-10-01 | [Unlocking Urban Carbon Total Factor Productivity: Digital Economy and Heterogeneous Governance in China](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2026.10.065) | [Economic Analysis and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-analysis-and-policy.md) | Tianhui Wang, Chien‐Chiang Lee |  |
| 2026-10-01 | [FBiT: A Bidirectional Topology-Factored Reinforcement Learning Framework with Coordination Demand Forecasting for Supply Chain Control](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.134831) | [Expert Systems with Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/expert-systems-with-applications.md) | Huahong Deng, Baoyao Yang, Xiaojie Chen et al. | Guangdong University of Technology; Tencent (China) |
| 2026-10-01 | [Data Assetization, Resource Allocation Optimization, and Enterprise Total Factor Productivity](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2026.10.056) | [Economic Analysis and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-analysis-and-policy.md) | Weijie Hu, Ting Zhu, Chuan Sun | Southwestern University of Finance and Economics; Yang-En University; University of International Business and Economics |
| 2026-10-01 | [From innovation inputs to productivity outcomes: A dynamic monitoring framework for regional innovation ecosystems](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2026.101170) | [Journal of Innovation & Knowledge](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-innovation-knowledge.md) | Qian Xu, Jie Huang | Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics |
| 2026-10-01 | [Technological Change and Labor Income Share in China: Evidence from Skill Complementarity and Industry-Level Transmission](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2026.107893) | [Economic Modelling](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-modelling.md) | 思斯 皮, 涵 崔 | Capital University of Economics and Business |
| 2026-10-01 | [From Stimulus to Strain: Provincial Fiscal Spending and TFP Growth in China, 2001–2018](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2026.10.032) | [Economic Analysis and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-analysis-and-policy.md) | Ying He, 黎战, Zitong Xu |  |
| 2026-10-01 | [Can Data Factor Marketisation Enhance Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from China](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2026.10.016) | [Economic Analysis and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-analysis-and-policy.md) | 郭丽婷, Yanting Hu, Ying Li et al. |  |
| 2026-10-01 | [Governing sustainability under uncertainty: dynamic evidence on climate risk and policy swings](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2026.101173) | [Journal of Innovation & Knowledge](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-innovation-knowledge.md) | Xiaotian Dong, Wenhui Ma, Kai-Hua Wang et al. | Qingdao University; City University of Macau; Superior University |
| 2026-10-01 | [AN ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE PROXIMATE SOURCES OF GROWTH ACCELERATIONS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2026.10.001) | [Structural Change and Economic Dynamics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/structural-change-and-economic-dynamics.md) | Kevin S. Nell, Maria M. De Mello | University of Johannesburg |
| 2026-10-01 | [The resilience dividend: A tractable climate-economy model](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2026.107872) | [Economic Modelling](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-modelling.md) | Andrea Bacchiocchi, Fabio Tramontana, Federico Favaretto | University of Urbino; University of Ferrara; Bocconi University |
| 2026-10-01 | [Ambidextrous innovation and digital transformation](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2026.101171) | [Journal of Innovation & Knowledge](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-innovation-knowledge.md) | Yaoxiang Tang, Yutao Zhou, Fan Yu et al. | Chongqing Technology and Business University; Shanghai University of Engineering Science |
| 2026-10-01 | [Does informatization reduce factor misallocation in grain production?](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2026.103206) | [Food Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/food-policy.md) | Kunyang Zhang, Zhaofeng Zheng, Yan Han et al. | Chinese Academy of Forestry; Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information; Zhejiang Party School; … |
| 2026-10-01 | [Financial development and the environmental performance of manufacturing firms: Evidence from India](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105864) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Xiuxiu Lin | University of Auckland |
| 2026-09-30 | [Catalysts or constraints? The dual role of natural resources and greenfield investment amid geopolitical risk](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115627) | [Energy Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/energy-policy.md) | Priyanka Pradhan, Rajib Kumar Malik, Narayan Sethi et al. | National Institute of Technology Rourkela; Indian Institute of Management Sambalpur |
| 2026-09-30 | [Artificial intelligence and labor investment efficiency: evidence from U.S. firms](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2026.103684) | [Journal of International Money and Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-international-money-and-finance.md) | Kai Xing, Kepeng Xiong, Fulong Xiao et al. | Nanchang University; Bangor University |
| 2026-09-29 | [Does climate risk matter for the financial and social efficiencies of microfinance institutions?](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105918) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Zheng Chen, Junru Zhang | Curtin University; The University of Western Australia |
| 2026-09-29 | [Does county-to-district reform promote foreign direct investment inflows? — Empirical evidence from China](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2026.102272) | [Journal of Asian Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-asian-economics.md) | Yuanlei Liu, Na Han, Jiayue Wang et al. | Shandong University of Finance and Economics |

## Cite this page

Scholar4AI. (2026). Total factor productivity (Solow residual). Journal Research Rankings. Retrieved October 26, 2026, from https://scholar4ai.com/equations/total-factor-productivity-solow-residual

```bibtex
@misc{scholar4ai-equations-total-factor-productivity-solow-residual,
  author = {{Scholar4AI}},
  title = {Total factor productivity (Solow residual)},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://scholar4ai.com/equations/total-factor-productivity-solow-residual}},
  urldate = {2026-10-26},
  note = {Journal Research Rankings; data from OpenAlex (CC0); licensed CC BY-NC 4.0}
}
```

License: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).