---
title: "Variance inflation factor: formula, variables and example"
description: "Variance inflation factor explained: variables, a worked example, related methods and assumptions. Measures how much multicollinearity inflates the variance of a coefficient; R_j^2 is from regressing x_j on the other regressors."
url: https://scholar4ai.com/equations/variance-inflation-factor
markdown_url: https://scholar4ai.com/equations/variance-inflation-factor.md
license: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
share_text: "Variance inflation factor explained: variables, a worked example, related methods and assumptions. (as of 2026-11-05)"
data_url: https://scholar4ai.com/data/rankings.json
updated: 2026-11-05T06:02:37+09:00
window: 2026-10-07 to 2026-11-05
source: OpenAlex (CC0)
---

# Variance inflation factor

$$
VIF_j = \frac{1}{1 - R_j^2}
$$

Measures how much multicollinearity inflates the variance of a coefficient; R_j^2 is from regressing x_j on the other regressors.

- area: Specification and diagnostic tests
- 3 papers in the last 7 days
- Names searched for: variance inflation factor, VIF

Back to the ranking: https://scholar4ai.com/rankings/equations.md

## Variables and notation

R_j² is the R-squared from regressing predictor j on the other predictors; VIF_j measures inflation of its coefficient variance under the standard linear-model comparison.

## Worked example

If the auxiliary R² is 0.8, VIF=1/(1−0.8)=5 and the corresponding standard-error inflation factor is sqrt(5)≈2.2361.

## Related methods and when to use them

VIF diagnoses multicollinearity; a residual heteroskedasticity test diagnoses changing noise variance. High VIF is not itself bias or a mandate to remove a substantively required confounder.

## Sources and further reading

- [statsmodels: variance inflation factor and multicollinearity](https://www.statsmodels.org/stable/generated/statsmodels.stats.outliers_influence.variance_inflation_factor.html)

Examples use illustrative inputs, not observed research results. Logarithms are natural unless stated otherwise. Guide updated 2026-11-05. Prepared by Scholar4AI. [Editorial and verification policy](/editorial-policy).

## Key findings

- Variance inflation factor was mentioned in 45 papers in the last 30 days (2026-10-07 to 2026-11-05), ranking #29 of the 248 equations and models mentioned.
- By journal category: Management (17), Finance (6), Operations Research (5), Information Systems (5), Economics (4), Marketing (3), AI (2), Higher Education and Research (2) and Tourism and Hospitality (1).
- Most of them appeared in Future Business Journal (4), International Review of Economics & Finance (3) and Technological Forecasting and Social Change (3).
- Often mentioned together with Structural equation modeling (SEM) (16), Ordinary least squares (OLS) (15) and Composite reliability (15).
- Datasets named in the same papers: World Development Indicators (World Bank) (5), Facebook (4) and Refinitiv Datastream (3).
- From Nov 2023 to Oct 2026, 1,550 archived papers mentioned Variance inflation factor in their title, abstract or keywords (the search of earlier months' full texts is still under way), most of them in Jul 2026 (96).
- From 2017 to 2026 (so far), Variance inflation factor was mentioned in 1,602 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in management (709), finance (271) and economics (257).
- 439 of them were published in 2025, against 1 in 2017.
- Since 2023, the institutions with the most of these papers were University of Reading (27), University of Leeds (26) and Durham University (22).
- The journals publishing most of them were Future Business Journal (167), Journal of Innovation & Knowledge (70) and International Review of Economics & Finance (59).
- The most-cited of them is “Visible and Infrared Image Fusion Using Deep Learning” (IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2023), with 406 citations.

## Mentions over 36 months

*Papers mentioning it by publication month, Nov 2023 to Oct 2026 (titles, abstracts and keywords; the full texts of earlier months are still being searched)*

| Trend | Nov 23–Oct 24 | Nov 24–Oct 25 | Nov 25–Oct 26 | 36 months |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|
|  | 442 | 445 | 663 | 1,550 |

## Papers per year

*Papers per publication year and category*

| Category | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 (so far) |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| [Management](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/management.md) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 47 | 186 | 210 | 264 |
| [Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/finance.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 17 | 77 | 60 | 116 |
| [Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/economics.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 70 | 74 | 99 |
| [Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/operations-research.md) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 26 | 25 | 36 |
| [Marketing](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/marketing.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 20 | 21 | 29 |
| [Information Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/information-systems.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 23 | 19 | 30 |
| [Accounting](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/accounting.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 25 | 13 | 14 |
| [Health Economics and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/health-economics-and-policy.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 9 | 9 |
| [AI](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/ai.md) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 7 |
| [Statistics](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/statistics.md) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| [Higher Education and Research](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/higher-education-and-research.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [Tourism and Hospitality](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/tourism-and-hospitality.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| All categories | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 103 | 443 | 439 | 609 |

## Where the papers come from

*Journals with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Journal | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [Future Business Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/future-business-journal.md) | 167 |
| 2 | [Journal of Innovation & Knowledge](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-innovation-knowledge.md) | 70 |
| 3 | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | 59 |
| 4 | [Journal of Business Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-research.md) | 54 |
| 5 | [Small Business Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/small-business-economics.md) | 43 |
| 6 | [International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-entrepreneurship-and-management-journal.md) | 39 |
| 7 | [Review of Managerial Science](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/review-of-managerial-science.md) | 37 |
| 8 | [Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-innovation-and-entrepreneurship.md) | 37 |
| 9 | [Technological Forecasting and Social Change](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technological-forecasting-and-social-change.md) | 35 |
| 10 | [Financial Innovation](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/financial-innovation.md) | 35 |

*Institutions with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Institution | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [University of Reading](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-reading.md) | 27 |
| 2 | [University of Leeds](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-leeds.md) | 26 |
| 3 | [Durham University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/durham-university.md) | 22 |
| 4 | [University of Birmingham](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-birmingham.md) | 21 |
| 5 | [University of Manchester](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-manchester.md) | 19 |
| 6 | [Erasmus University Rotterdam](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/erasmus-university-rotterdam.md) | 18 |
| 7 | [University of Vaasa](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-vaasa.md) | 18 |
| 8 | [University of Bologna](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-bologna.md) | 16 |
| 9 | [University of Nottingham](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-nottingham.md) | 16 |
| 10 | [Lancaster University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/lancaster-university.md) | 15 |

*Countries with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Country | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | United Kingdom | 404 |
| 2 | China | 232 |
| 3 | United States | 180 |
| 4 | Spain | 149 |
| 5 | Italy | 144 |
| 6 | Germany | 140 |
| 7 | Australia | 121 |
| 8 | France | 85 |
| 9 | Netherlands | 78 |
| 10 | India | 66 |

*Keywords with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Keyword | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [moderating effect](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/moderating-effect.md) | 95 |
| 2 | [corporate governance](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/corporate-governance.md) | 93 |
| 3 | [emerging markets](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/emerging-markets.md) | 79 |
| 4 | [small and medium-sized enterprises](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/small-and-medium-sized-enterprises.md) | 70 |
| 5 | [mediating effect](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/mediating-effect.md) | 59 |
| 6 | [digital transformation](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/digital-transformation.md) | 49 |
| 7 | [COVID-19 pandemic](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/covid-19-pandemic.md) | 48 |
| 8 | [dynamic capabilities](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/dynamic-capabilities.md) | 47 |
| 9 | [firm performance](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/firm-performance.md) | 44 |
| 10 | [multinational corporations](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/multinational-corporations.md) | 44 |

## Most-cited papers

*Most-cited papers since 2017*

| # | Citations | Per month | Title | Journal | Published | Authors |
|---:|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 406 | 9.4 | [Visible and Infrared Image Fusion Using Deep Learning](https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3261282) | [IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-pattern-analysis-and-machine-intelligence.md) | 2023-03-30 | Xingchen Zhang, Yiannis Demiris |
| 2 | 264 | 7.9 | [Importance and performance in PLS-SEM and NCA: Introducing the combined importance-performance map analysis (cIPMA)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103723) | [Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-retailing-and-consumer-services.md) | 2024-01-23 | Sven Hauff, Nicole Richter, Marko Sarstedt et al. |
| 3 | 262 | 8.0 | [Factors affecting performance expectancy and intentions to use ChatGPT: Using SmartPLS to advance an information technology acceptance framework](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123247) | [Technological Forecasting and Social Change](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technological-forecasting-and-social-change.md) | 2024-02-06 | Mark Anthony Camilleri |
| 4 | 210 | 6.1 | [Green knowledge management: A key driver of green technology innovation and sustainable performance in the construction organizations](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100455) | [Journal of Innovation & Knowledge](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-innovation-knowledge.md) | 2023-12-22 | Ali Khan, Khalid Mehmood, Ho Kwong Kwan |
| 5 | 190 | 6.6 | [Green innovation and firms’ financial and environmental performance: The roles of pollution prevention versus control](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2024.101706) | [Journal of Accounting and Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-accounting-and-economics.md) | 2024-06-13 | Qiang Cheng, An-Ping Lin, Mengjie Yang |
| 6 | 181 | 6.4 | [Digital infrastructure and innovation: Digital divide or digital dividend?](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100542) | [Journal of Innovation & Knowledge](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-innovation-knowledge.md) | 2024-07-01 | Zhuo-Ya Du, Qian Wang |
| 7 | 169 | 5.2 | [Explainable artificial intelligence and agile decision-making in supply chain cyber resilience](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2024.114194) | [Decision Support Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/decision-support-systems.md) | 2024-02-17 | Kiarash Sadeghi R., Divesh Ojha, Puneet Kaur et al. |
| 8 | 162 | 1.9 | [Misconceptions about multicollinearity in international business research: Identification, consequences, and remedies](https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00257-1) | [Journal of International Business Studies](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-international-business-studies.md) | 2019-08-05 | Thomas Lindner, Jonas F Puck, Alain C. Verbeke |
| 9 | 155 | 5.5 | [Assessing the nexus of Generative AI adoption, ethical considerations and organizational performance](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2024.103064) | [Technovation](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technovation.md) | 2024-07-01 | Nripendra Pratap Rana, Rajasshrie Pillai, Brijesh Sivathanu et al. |
| 10 | 130 | 4.0 | [How does environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance determine investment mix? New empirical evidence from BRICS](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2024.02.007) | [Borsa Istanbul Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/borsa-istanbul-review.md) | 2024-02-28 | Zhichao Yu, Umar Farooq, Mohammad Mahtab Alam et al. |

Archive counts by publication year: a paper counts when its title, abstract or keywords name the equation, or when OpenAlex's full-text search finds it there (searched for the last 30 days' papers and, by a pass over the past years, for older ones). Names added to the list later are looked for in older papers as the archive is read again.

*Papers mentioning Variance inflation factor, newest first.*

| Date | Title | Journal | Authors | Affiliations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-31 | [CEO power and stock price crash risk: moderating effect of environmental practices](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-026-01559-w) | [Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/review-of-quantitative-finance-and-accounting.md) | Hamad Aldawsari, Taufiq Choudhry, Muhammad Saad Baloch | Saudi Electronic University; University of Southampton |
| 2026-10-31 | [Road traffic deaths between social capital and health system: the Italian case](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-026-01529-z) | [The Annals of Regional Science](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/the-annals-of-regional-science.md) | Lucia Errico, Sandro Rondinella | University of Calabria |
| 2026-10-30 | [Charting the Divide: The Intersection of Healthcare Provider Demographics and Politics in the Post-Dobbs Regime](https://doi.org/10.1007/s41996-026-00206-9) | [Journal of Economics Race and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-economics-race-and-policy.md) | Jennifer Bennett Shinall, Myrick Clements Shinall | Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University Medical Center |
| 2026-10-29 | [Debt, taxation and productivity in European industrial firms: System-GMM evidence and panel threshold robustness](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.106018) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Ons Hbaieb, Lyes Kermad, Kamel Helali | University of Sfax; Faculty of Economics and Management of Sfax; Université Paris 8 |
| 2026-10-29 | [FinTech adoption and perceived banking performance in emerging Asian economies: Regional heterogeneity in managerial perceptions across Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Indonesia](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.106006) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Samir Alamad | Coventry University |
| 2026-10-27 | [The evolving role of organisational foresight: Implications for the food service industry](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2026.124921) | [Technological Forecasting and Social Change](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technological-forecasting-and-social-change.md) | Rogério João Lunkes, Daiane Antonini Bortoluzzi, Lorenzo Compagnucci et al. | Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; University of Macerata |
| 2026-10-27 | [Economic impacts of pasture degradation at the municipal level: Evidence from Minas Gerais, Brazil](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.109286) | [Ecological Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ecological-economics.md) | Amanda Camargos de Moura, Diogo Nepomuceno Cosenza, Rafael Faria de Abreu Campos et al. | Universidade Federal de Viçosa |
| 2026-10-27 | [Diverging investors’ perspectives: The role of the firm’s environmental performance and family nature in shaping the cost of capital](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2026.100764) | [Journal of Family Business Strategy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-family-business-strategy.md) | Yasser Basstawy, Paola Rovelli, Fabio Zona | Free University of Bozen-Bolzano; University of Trento |
| 2026-10-26 | [Common ownership and consumer welfare](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-026-01213-w) | [Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-the-academy-of-marketing-science.md) | Saeed Janani, Sina Aghaie, Darima Fotheringham et al. | University of Denver; Wichita State University; Texas Tech University; … |
| 2026-10-26 | [Quality versus quantity: including imperfect training data improves prediction of user satisfaction in software projects](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-026-02898-9) | [Knowledge and Information Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/knowledge-and-information-systems.md) | Łukasz Radliński | West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin |
| 2026-10-26 | [Creative project teams’ adaptive responses to task alterations at different points in time](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-026-10163-7) | [Journal of Business and Psychology](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-and-psychology.md) | A Richter, M Baer | University of Cambridge; Washington University in St. Louis |
| 2026-10-25 | [From consumer skepticism to voluntary simplicity: understanding the drivers of reduced consumption in an emerging economy](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-026-01028-9) | [Future Business Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/future-business-journal.md) | Iftikhar Ahmad, Sabah Younus, Muhammad Awais Khalid et al. | National College of Business Administration and Economics; National University of Modern Languages; NFC Institute of Engineering and Technology |
| 2026-10-24 | [Crypto to stablecoins: Digital money and exchange-rate volatility](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2026.103678) | [Research in International Business and Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/research-in-international-business-and-finance.md) | Joanna Darwiche, Moustapha Badran, Mohamed Awada et al. | Saint Joseph University; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier Recherche en Economie; … |
| 2026-10-23 | [Public support for regulatory research on the potential ecological effects of RF-EMF](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2026.124938) | [Technological Forecasting and Social Change](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technological-forecasting-and-social-change.md) | Laura Recuero Virto, Peter Bou Saba, Arno Thielens et al. | Centre Européen de Recherche en Economie Financière et Gestion des Entreprises; ICN Business School Nancy-Paris-Berlin; Université de Lorraine; … |
| 2026-10-23 | [When Does Analytic Complexity Matter? A Theory-Informed Comparison of Regression-Based and Algorithmically Flexible Models of Student Success in Community Colleges](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-026-09968-4) | [Innovative Higher Education](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/innovative-higher-education.md) | JoHyun Kim, Jeongmin Ji, Seung Won Yoon | Texas A&M University; Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation |
| 2026-10-23 | [Sentiment-Driven Forecasting of Fractional Trading Activity Using LSTM Networks](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11009-026-10344-0) | [Methodology And Computing In Applied Probability](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/methodology-and-computing-in-applied-probability.md) | Christina Erlwein‐Sayer, Sakir Kepezkaya, Natalie Packham et al. | HTW Berlin - University of Applied Sciences; Berlin School of Economics and Law; Bucharest University of Economic Studies |
| 2026-10-22 | [What works when: calibrating temporal focus for crowdfunding success](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2026.104456) | [Information & Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/information-management.md) | Yu-Wei Lin, Shiyu Yang, Aravinda Garimella | Santa Clara University; San Francisco State University; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign |
| 2026-10-22 | [Globalization channels and business cycle synchronization: The roles of capital mobility and China's bilateral trade](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.106000) | [International Review of Economics & Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-review-of-economics-finance.md) | Dong Yao, Wanyin Zhong, Liang Chen et al. | Chengdu Jincheng College |
| 2026-10-22 | [From ride acceptance to premium payment: A value-based study of air taxi service adoption](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2026.101927) | [Research in Transportation Business & Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/research-in-transportation-business-management.md) | Wenjuan Liu, Guanqiu Qi, Xueqin Wang et al. | Shandong University; Chung-Ang University |
| 2026-10-21 | [Investigating the determinants of gaming app disengagement: A mixed methods–grounded theory approach](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2026.104455) | [Information & Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/information-management.md) | Haroon Iqbal Maseeh, Charles Jebarajakirthy | Griffith University; Sunway University |
| 2026-10-20 | [Consumer innovativeness and purchase behaviour in AI-enabled voice commerce: parallel mediation by attitude and trust](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-026-01027-w) | [Future Business Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/future-business-journal.md) | Jyoti Sharma, Shabnam Gulati, Jamal Akhtar Khan et al. | Lovely Professional University; Chandigarh University; Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University |
| 2026-10-19 | [Cryptocurrency and initial trust formation: an empirical investigation into the dynamics of willingness to use in financial transactions](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-026-00926-9) | [Financial Innovation](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/financial-innovation.md) | Ahmed Geebren | Tobruk University |
| 2026-10-19 | [A reciprocal perspective on internationalization and ESG in EMNEs: The role of digitalization](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2026.102668) | [International Business Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-business-review.md) | Chao Zhang, Ioannis Petrakis, Zonghan He et al. | Northumbria University; Chongqing University; University of Birmingham; … |
| 2026-10-17 | [The transparency dividend: Effects of corporate environmental management information disclosure on green-tech FDIs in emerging-market cities](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2026.101433) | [Journal of International Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-international-management.md) | Zhuoran Liu, Yameng Zhang, Honglan Yu et al. | Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University; University of Sheffield |
| 2026-10-16 | [Economic sanctions’ ‘blind spot’: the power of internalized markets of MNEs](https://doi.org/10.1057/s42214-026-00261-x) | [Journal of International Business Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-international-business-policy.md) | Igor V. Filatotchev, Jan Hendrik Fisch, Jelena Graneros et al. | King's College London; Vienna University of Economics and Business; James Cook University; … |
| 2026-10-15 | [Cross-country policy learning for electric vehicle adoption: A data-driven open innovation perspective integrating culture, policy, and market behavior](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2026.100892) | [Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-open-innovation-technology-market-and-complexity.md) | Imam Djati Widodo, Dwi Adi Purnama, Sayyidah Maulidatul Afraah | Islamic University of Indonesia |
| 2026-10-15 | [Artificial intelligence is not enough to enhance organizational performance](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2026.124917) | [Technological Forecasting and Social Change](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technological-forecasting-and-social-change.md) | Michael Wang | Kingston University London; City St George's, University of London; University College London |
| 2026-10-14 | [ESG disclosure and sustainable financial performance: the mediating role of institutional ownership in Tanzanian commercial banks](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-026-01020-3) | [Future Business Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/future-business-journal.md) | Zawadi Ally, Flavianus Benedicto Ng’eni | Institute of Finance Management |
| 2026-10-14 | [Perform together: gaining growth momentum in SMEs through employee involvement](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-026-01260-3) | [International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-entrepreneurship-and-management-journal.md) | Paul Geuvers, Erik Stam, Samuele Murtinu | Utrecht University |
| 2026-10-14 | [Cultural value configurations and guests’ evaluations of AI-enabled service technologies](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2026.104932) | [International Journal of Hospitality Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-hospitality-management.md) | Matteo Borghi, Phatcharasiri Ratcharak, Mustafeed Zaman et al. | University of Reading; University of Greenwich; Audencia Business School; … |
| 2026-10-12 | [Examining determinants of cloud analytics adoption in SMEs](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-026-00744-7) | [Information Systems and e-Business Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/information-systems-and-e-business-management.md) | Benedict Langer, Alex Feld | Technical University of Munich |
| 2026-10-11 | [Tender negotiation and project procurement performance: examining the moderating role of supply market intelligence in World Bank financed projects](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-026-01025-y) | [Future Business Journal](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/future-business-journal.md) | Jackson William Musiba, Victoria Makuya, Faustine Panga | The University of Dodoma; Moshi Co-operative University |
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## Cite this page

Scholar4AI. (2026). Variance inflation factor. Journal and Conference Research Rankings. Retrieved November 5, 2026, from https://scholar4ai.com/equations/variance-inflation-factor

```bibtex
@misc{scholar4ai-equations-variance-inflation-factor,
  author = {{Scholar4AI}},
  title = {Variance inflation factor},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://scholar4ai.com/equations/variance-inflation-factor}},
  urldate = {2026-11-05},
  note = {Journal and Conference Research Rankings; data from OpenAlex (CC0); licensed CC BY-NC 4.0}
}
```

License: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).