---
title: "Copyright, creators and the training data (research idea)"
description: "Copyright protection, data ownership, content creators and the creative industries appear on 96 recent papers across the AI, management and economics journals, and 37 of them involve generative AI. Courts are deciding whether training on copyrighted work is fair use, and licensing deals are being signed. What are creators losing or gaining, and what would a licensing market look like?"
url: https://scholar4ai.com/ideas/copyright-and-creators-in-the-ai-era
markdown_url: https://scholar4ai.com/ideas/copyright-and-creators-in-the-ai-era.md
license: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
share_text: "Copyright protection, data ownership, content creators and the creative industries appear on 96 recent papers across the AI, management and economics journals, and 37 of them involve generative AI."
date: "2026-10-23"
updated: "2026-10-23"
status: "seed"
tags: ["ai", "law", "media"]
keywords: ["copyright", "copyright protection", "data ownership", "content creators"]
---

# Copyright, creators and the training data

Copyright protection, data ownership, content creators and the creative industries appear on 96 recent papers across the AI, management and economics journals, and 37 of them involve generative AI. Courts are deciding whether training on copyrighted work is fair use, and licensing deals are being signed. What are creators losing or gaining, and what would a licensing market look like?

## What prompted this

Since October 2025, 96 papers carry a copyright, data-licensing, fair-use, data-ownership, creative-industries or content-creator keyword (49 in AI journals, 25 in management, 10 in economics): "copyright protection" on 19, "data ownership" on 11, "copyright" on 10, "cultural and creative industries" on 10, "creative industries" on 9, "content creators" on 8. Thirty-seven of the 96 also carry a generative-AI, language-model, diffusion-model or AI-generated keyword.

## Questions

- Since image and text generators became widespread, how have earnings of illustrators, stock photographers, translators and voice actors changed, and which work was lost first?
- What are the terms of the licensing deals between AI firms and publishers, and how is the money shared with the authors whose work is licensed?
- Would a collective licensing scheme, like those for music, be workable for training data, and what price would it set?

## Data that could help

Freelance platform earnings by occupation, licensing deal announcements and terms, court filings, and royalty data from collecting societies.

## Next step

Track earnings and job volumes of illustrators, translators and voice actors on freelance platforms from 2021 to 2025 relative to occupations less exposed to generators.

## Related research activity

*The keywords this note follows, in the tracked finance, accounting, economics, management, operations research and AI journals as of 2026-10-26*

| Keyword | Papers, last 30 days | Rank | Papers per month, Oct 23 – Oct 26* | Papers, last 36 months |
|---|---:|---:|---|---:|
| copyright | 0 | – | 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 0, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0 | 24 |
| copyright protection | 1 | #2881 | 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 0, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1 | 43 |
| data ownership | 1 | #2881 | 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0 | 23 |
| content creators | 2 | #1303 | 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2 | 20 |

## Cite this page

Scholar4AI. (2026). Copyright, creators and the training data. Journal Research Rankings. Retrieved October 23, 2026, from https://scholar4ai.com/ideas/copyright-and-creators-in-the-ai-era

```bibtex
@misc{scholar4ai-ideas-copyright-and-creators-in-the-ai-era,
  author = {{Scholar4AI}},
  title = {Copyright, creators and the training data},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://scholar4ai.com/ideas/copyright-and-creators-in-the-ai-era}},
  urldate = {2026-10-23},
  note = {Journal Research Rankings; data from OpenAlex (CC0); licensed CC BY-NC 4.0}
}
```

License: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).