---
title: "Outliers research: papers, trends and top journals"
description: "From 2017 to 2026 (so far), the keyword “outliers” appeared in 477 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in statistics (225), AI (147) and operations research (47)."
url: https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/outliers
markdown_url: https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/outliers.md
license: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
share_text: "From 2017 to 2026 (so far), the keyword “outliers” appeared in 477 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in statistics (225), AI (147) and operations research (47). (as of 2026-11-03)"
data_url: https://scholar4ai.com/data/rankings.json
updated: 2026-11-03T18:03:37+09:00
window: 2026-10-05 to 2026-11-03
source: OpenAlex (CC0)
---

# Papers on “outliers”

Research on “outliers” in the 480 tracked journals: papers per year and category, the journals, institutions and countries publishing it, the keywords studied with it and its most-cited papers. It is not among the most frequent keywords of the last 30 days, so this page has no list of its latest papers.

Back to the ranking: https://scholar4ai.com/rankings/keywords.md

## Key findings

- From 2017 to 2026 (so far), the keyword “outliers” appeared in 477 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in statistics (225), AI (147) and operations research (47).
- 66 of them were published in 2025, against 36 in 2017.
- Since 2023, the institutions with the most of these papers were Beijing Normal University (5), Huazhong Agricultural University (5) and Indian Statistical Institute (5).
- The journals publishing most of them were Statistics and Computing (23), Statistical Papers (14) and Computational Statistics & Data Analysis (13).
- The most-cited of them is “A comprehensive survey of loss functions and metrics in deep learning” (Artificial Intelligence Review, 2025), with 401 citations.

## Papers per year

*Papers per publication year and category*

| Category | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 (so far) |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| [Statistics](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/statistics.md) | 19 | 16 | 17 | 31 | 15 | 22 | 21 | 27 | 30 | 27 |
| [AI](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/ai.md) | 9 | 22 | 10 | 14 | 22 | 10 | 18 | 13 | 21 | 8 |
| [Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/operations-research.md) | 3 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 3 |
| [Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/economics.md) | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| [Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/finance.md) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| [Higher Education and Research](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/higher-education-and-research.md) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| [Management](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/management.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| [Health Economics and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/health-economics-and-policy.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| [Accounting](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/accounting.md) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| [Information Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/information-systems.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| All categories | 36 | 50 | 35 | 59 | 53 | 41 | 47 | 49 | 66 | 41 |

## Where the papers come from

*Journals with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Journal | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [Statistics and Computing](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/statistics-and-computing.md) | 23 |
| 2 | [Statistical Papers](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/statistical-papers.md) | 14 |
| 3 | [Computational Statistics & Data Analysis](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computational-statistics-data-analysis.md) | 13 |
| 4 | [Computational Statistics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/computational-statistics.md) | 12 |
| 5 | [Expert Systems with Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/expert-systems-with-applications.md) | 11 |
| 6 | [IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-neural-networks-and-learning-systems.md) | 11 |
| 7 | [Journal of Multivariate Analysis](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-multivariate-analysis.md) | 8 |
| 8 | [Machine Learning](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/machine-learning.md) | 6 |
| 9 | [Pattern Recognition](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/pattern-recognition.md) | 5 |
| 10 | [Statistics & Probability Letters](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/statistics-probability-letters.md) | 5 |

*Institutions with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Institution | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [Beijing Normal University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/beijing-normal-university.md) | 5 |
| 2 | Huazhong Agricultural University | 5 |
| 3 | [Indian Statistical Institute](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/indian-statistical-institute.md) | 5 |
| 4 | The University of Texas at El Paso | 5 |
| 5 | [Beihang University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/beihang-university.md) | 4 |
| 6 | [Australian National University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/australian-national-university.md) | 3 |
| 7 | Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai | 3 |
| 8 | Chiba University | 3 |
| 9 | Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas | 3 |
| 10 | [Henan University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/henan-university.md) | 3 |

*Countries with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Country | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | China | 81 |
| 2 | United States | 30 |
| 3 | Australia | 12 |
| 4 | India | 12 |
| 5 | Canada | 11 |
| 6 | Turkey | 10 |
| 7 | Italy | 9 |
| 8 | South Korea | 9 |
| 9 | Japan | 8 |
| 10 | Hong Kong | 6 |

*Keywords with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Keyword | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [robust estimation](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/robust-estimation.md) | 54 |
| 2 | robust regression | 21 |
| 3 | heavy-tailed errors | 17 |
| 4 | heavy-tailed distributions | 15 |
| 5 | [high-dimensional data](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/high-dimensional-data.md) | 15 |
| 6 | influence function | 15 |
| 7 | contaminated data | 14 |
| 8 | [feature selection](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/feature-selection.md) | 12 |
| 9 | [asymptotic normality](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/asymptotic-normality.md) | 10 |

## Most-cited papers

*Most-cited papers since 2017*

| # | Citations | Per month | Title | Journal | Published | Authors |
|---:|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 401 | 21.4 | [A comprehensive survey of loss functions and metrics in deep learning](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11198-7) | [Artificial Intelligence Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/artificial-intelligence-review.md) | 2025-04-11 | Juan R. Terven, Diana Margarita Córdova Esparza, Julio-Alejandro Romero-González et al. |
| 2 | 340 | 3.4 | [A generalized mean distance-based k-nearest neighbor classifier](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2018.08.021) | [Expert Systems with Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/expert-systems-with-applications.md) | 2018-08-13 | Jianping Gou, Hongxing Ma, Weihua Ou et al. |
| 3 | 209 | 2.0 | [Mixture correntropy for robust learning](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2018.02.010) | [Pattern Recognition](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/pattern-recognition.md) | 2018-02-21 | Badong Chen, Xin Wang, Na Lü et al. |
| 4 | 192 | 2.4 | [Radial-Based Undersampling for imbalanced data classification](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2020.107262) | [Pattern Recognition](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/pattern-recognition.md) | 2020-02-06 | Michał Koziarski |
| 5 | 138 | 1.4 | [The impact of globalization and economic freedom on economic growth: the case of the Latin America and Caribbean countries](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-018-9239-4) | [Economic Change and Restructuring](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/economic-change-and-restructuring.md) | 2018-11-12 | Renato Santiago, José Alberto Fuinhas, António Cardoso Marques |

## Cite this page

Scholar4AI. (2026). Papers on “outliers”. Journal and Conference Research Rankings. Retrieved November 3, 2026, from https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/outliers

```bibtex
@misc{scholar4ai-keywords-outliers,
  author = {{Scholar4AI}},
  title = {Papers on “outliers”},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/outliers}},
  urldate = {2026-11-03},
  note = {Journal and Conference Research Rankings; data from OpenAlex (CC0); licensed CC BY-NC 4.0}
}
```

License: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).