---
title: "Pseudo-labeling research: papers, trends and top journals"
description: "From 2017 to 2026 (so far), the keyword “pseudo-labeling” appeared in 949 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in AI (931), operations research (10) and information systems (7)."
url: https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/pseudo-labeling
markdown_url: https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/pseudo-labeling.md
license: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
share_text: "From 2017 to 2026 (so far), the keyword “pseudo-labeling” appeared in 949 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in AI (931), operations research (10) and information systems (7). (as of 2026-11-03)"
data_url: https://scholar4ai.com/data/rankings.json
updated: 2026-11-03T18:03:37+09:00
window: 2026-10-05 to 2026-11-03
source: OpenAlex (CC0)
---

# Papers on “pseudo-labeling”

Research on “pseudo-labeling” in the 480 tracked journals: papers per year and category, the journals, institutions and countries publishing it, the keywords studied with it and its most-cited papers. It is not among the most frequent keywords of the last 30 days, so this page has no list of its latest papers.

Back to the ranking: https://scholar4ai.com/rankings/keywords.md

## Key findings

- From 2017 to 2026 (so far), the keyword “pseudo-labeling” appeared in 949 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in AI (931), operations research (10) and information systems (7).
- 232 of them were published in 2025, against 4 in 2017.
- Since 2023, the institutions with the most of these papers were Chinese Academy of Sciences (35), Northwestern Polytechnical University (35) and Harbin Institute of Technology (21).
- The journals publishing most of them were Pattern Recognition (150), Expert Systems with Applications (128) and Knowledge-Based Systems (92).
- The most-cited of them is “A Survey on Deep Semi-Supervised Learning” (IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2022), with 950 citations.

## Papers per year

*Papers per publication year and category*

| Category | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 (so far) |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| [AI](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/ai.md) | 4 | 11 | 8 | 23 | 38 | 95 | 134 | 175 | 227 | 216 |
| [Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/operations-research.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| [Information Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/information-systems.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| [Statistics](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/statistics.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| All categories | 4 | 11 | 8 | 23 | 38 | 98 | 138 | 177 | 232 | 220 |

## Where the papers come from

*Journals with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Journal | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [Pattern Recognition](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/pattern-recognition.md) | 150 |
| 2 | [Expert Systems with Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/expert-systems-with-applications.md) | 128 |
| 3 | [Knowledge-Based Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/knowledge-based-systems.md) | 92 |
| 4 | [IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-pattern-analysis-and-machine-intelligence.md) | 70 |
| 5 | [Neural Networks](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/neural-networks.md) | 58 |
| 6 | [IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-neural-networks-and-learning-systems.md) | 50 |
| 7 | [International Journal of Computer Vision](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-computer-vision.md) | 35 |
| 8 | [Applied Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/applied-intelligence.md) | 35 |
| 9 | [Information Processing & Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/information-processing-management.md) | 22 |
| 10 | [IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-knowledge-and-data-engineering.md) | 20 |

*Institutions with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Institution | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [Chinese Academy of Sciences](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/chinese-academy-of-sciences.md) | 35 |
| 2 | [Northwestern Polytechnical University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/northwestern-polytechnical-university.md) | 35 |
| 3 | [Harbin Institute of Technology](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/harbin-institute-of-technology.md) | 21 |
| 4 | [Jilin University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/jilin-university.md) | 21 |
| 5 | [University of Chinese Academy of Sciences](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-chinese-academy-of-sciences.md) | 21 |
| 6 | [Southwest Jiaotong University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/southwest-jiaotong-university.md) | 18 |
| 7 | [Sun Yat-sen University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/sun-yat-sen-university.md) | 18 |
| 8 | [University of Electronic Science and Technology of China](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-electronic-science-and-technology-of-china.md) | 18 |
| 9 | [Zhejiang University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/zhejiang-university.md) | 18 |
| 10 | [Nanyang Technological University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/nanyang-technological-university.md) | 17 |

*Countries with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Country | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | China | 639 |
| 2 | Australia | 48 |
| 3 | United States | 43 |
| 4 | United Kingdom | 39 |
| 5 | Hong Kong | 35 |
| 6 | Singapore | 31 |
| 7 | South Korea | 24 |
| 8 | Macao | 16 |
| 9 | India | 14 |
| 10 | Canada | 13 |

*Keywords with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Keyword | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [semi-supervised learning](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/semi-supervised-learning.md) | 158 |
| 2 | unlabeled data | 80 |
| 3 | [contrastive learning](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/contrastive-learning.md) | 74 |
| 4 | unsupervised domain adaptation | 63 |
| 5 | self-training | 60 |
| 6 | [label noise](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/label-noise.md) | 55 |
| 7 | [self-supervised learning](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/self-supervised-learning.md) | 48 |
| 8 | limited labeled data | 44 |
| 9 | [domain adaptation](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/domain-adaptation.md) | 39 |

## Most-cited papers

*Most-cited papers since 2017*

| # | Citations | Per month | Title | Journal | Published | Authors |
|---:|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 950 | 19.9 | [A Survey on Deep Semi-Supervised Learning](https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2022.3220219) | [IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-knowledge-and-data-engineering.md) | 2022-11-08 | Xiangli Yang, Zixing Song, Irwin King et al. |
| 2 | 547 | 7.8 | [Rectifying Pseudo Label Learning via Uncertainty Estimation for Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-020-01395-y) | [International Journal of Computer Vision](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-computer-vision.md) | 2021-01-06 | Zhedong Zheng, Yi Yang |
| 3 | 392 | 5.6 | [Self-Correction for Human Parsing](https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3048039) | [IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-pattern-analysis-and-machine-intelligence.md) | 2020-12-29 | Peike Li, Yunqiu Xu, Yunchao Wei et al. |
| 4 | 254 | 4.9 | [Self-Supervised Discriminative Feature Learning for Deep Multi-View Clustering](https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2022.3193569) | [IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-knowledge-and-data-engineering.md) | 2022-07-25 | Jie Xu, Yazhou Ren, Huayi Tang et al. |
| 5 | 251 | 7.4 | [Deep semi-supervised learning for medical image segmentation: A review](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.123052) | [Expert Systems with Applications](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/expert-systems-with-applications.md) | 2024-01-03 | Kai Han, Victor S. Sheng, Yuqing Song et al. |

## Research ideas that follow this keyword

- [Labels without labellers for financial documents](https://scholar4ai.com/ideas/weak-supervision-for-financial-documents.md)

## Cite this page

Scholar4AI. (2026). Papers on “pseudo-labeling”. Journal and Conference Research Rankings. Retrieved November 3, 2026, from https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/pseudo-labeling

```bibtex
@misc{scholar4ai-keywords-pseudo-labeling,
  author = {{Scholar4AI}},
  title = {Papers on “pseudo-labeling”},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/pseudo-labeling}},
  urldate = {2026-11-03},
  note = {Journal and Conference Research Rankings; data from OpenAlex (CC0); licensed CC BY-NC 4.0}
}
```

License: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).