---
title: "Scale development research: papers and trends"
description: "From 2017 to 2026 (so far), the keyword “scale development” appeared in 1,038 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in management (299), higher education and research (192) and tourism and hospitality (161)."
url: https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/scale-development
markdown_url: https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/scale-development.md
license: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
share_text: "From 2017 to 2026 (so far), the keyword “scale development” appeared in 1,038 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in management (299), higher education and research (192) and tourism and hospitality (161). (as of 2026-11-05)"
data_url: https://scholar4ai.com/data/rankings.json
updated: 2026-11-05T06:02:37+09:00
window: 2026-10-07 to 2026-11-05
source: OpenAlex (CC0)
---

# Papers on “scale development”

[Browse research topics](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/directory/page/5.md)

Research on “scale development” in the 480 tracked journals: papers per year and category, the journals, institutions and countries publishing it, the keywords studied with it and its most-cited papers. It is not among the most frequent keywords of the last 30 days, so this page has no list of its latest papers.

Back to the ranking: https://scholar4ai.com/rankings/keywords.md

## Key findings

- From 2017 to 2026 (so far), the keyword “scale development” appeared in 1,038 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in management (299), higher education and research (192) and tourism and hospitality (161).
- 143 of them were published in 2025, against 75 in 2017.
- Since 2023, the institutions with the most of these papers were Hong Kong Polytechnic University (10), Sun Yat-sen University (9) and Beijing Normal University (7).
- The journals publishing most of them were Education and Information Technologies (58), Journal of Business Research (42) and International Journal of Hospitality Management (22).
- The most-cited of them is “Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis” (Journal of Business Research, 2019), with 5,441 citations.

## Papers per year

*Papers per publication year and category*

| Category | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 (so far) |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| [Management](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/management.md) | 21 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 31 | 29 | 35 | 46 | 54 | 23 |
| [Higher Education and Research](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/higher-education-and-research.md) | 11 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 16 | 25 | 28 | 35 | 29 | 24 |
| [Tourism and Hospitality](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/tourism-and-hospitality.md) | 8 | 18 | 12 | 15 | 19 | 15 | 14 | 25 | 16 | 19 |
| [Information Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/information-systems.md) | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 12 | 9 | 4 | 13 | 15 |
| [Marketing](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/marketing.md) | 8 | 3 | 9 | 12 | 14 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 11 | 16 |
| [Health Economics and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/health-economics-and-policy.md) | 11 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 14 |
| [Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/economics.md) | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 13 |
| [Statistics](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/statistics.md) | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 5 |
| [AI](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/ai.md) | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 |
| [Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/finance.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
| [Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/operations-research.md) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| [Accounting](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/accounting.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| All categories | 75 | 78 | 68 | 76 | 104 | 118 | 108 | 135 | 143 | 133 |

## Where the papers come from

*Journals with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Journal | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [Education and Information Technologies](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/education-and-information-technologies.md) | 58 |
| 2 | [Journal of Business Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-research.md) | 42 |
| 3 | [International Journal of Hospitality Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-hospitality-management.md) | 22 |
| 4 | [Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-hospitality-and-tourism-management.md) | 22 |
| 5 | [Journal of Business and Psychology](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-and-psychology.md) | 16 |
| 6 | [Quality & Quantity](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/quality-quantity.md) | 15 |
| 7 | [Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-retailing-and-consumer-services.md) | 14 |
| 8 | [Journal of Happiness Studies](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-happiness-studies.md) | 14 |
| 9 | [Technological Forecasting and Social Change](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technological-forecasting-and-social-change.md) | 12 |
| 10 | [Technology in Society](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technology-in-society.md) | 11 |

*Institutions with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Institution | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [Hong Kong Polytechnic University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/hong-kong-polytechnic-university.md) | 10 |
| 2 | [Sun Yat-sen University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/sun-yat-sen-university.md) | 9 |
| 3 | [Beijing Normal University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/beijing-normal-university.md) | 7 |
| 4 | [Education University of Hong Kong](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/education-university-of-hong-kong.md) | 7 |
| 5 | [Macau University of Science and Technology](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/macau-university-of-science-and-technology.md) | 7 |
| 6 | National Chiayi University | 7 |
| 7 | Tecnológico de Monterrey | 7 |
| 8 | [University of Georgia](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-georgia.md) | 7 |
| 9 | [Chinese University of Hong Kong](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/chinese-university-of-hong-kong.md) | 6 |
| 10 | [Edith Cowan University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/edith-cowan-university.md) | 6 |

*Countries with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Country | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | United States | 119 |
| 2 | China | 116 |
| 3 | United Kingdom | 45 |
| 4 | Australia | 39 |
| 5 | Germany | 35 |
| 6 | India | 31 |
| 7 | Hong Kong | 30 |
| 8 | Turkey | 29 |
| 9 | Taiwan | 26 |
| 10 | Macao | 23 |

*Keywords with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Keyword | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | psychometric validation | 74 |
| 2 | scale validation | 69 |
| 3 | [university students](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/university-students.md) | 26 |
| 4 | measurement invariance | 23 |
| 5 | nomological network | 21 |
| 6 | factor structure | 20 |
| 7 | construct validity | 18 |
| 8 | psychometric properties | 18 |
| 9 | [gender differences](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/gender-differences.md) | 17 |

## Most-cited papers

*Most-cited papers since 2017*

| # | Citations | Per month | Title | Journal | Published | Authors |
|---:|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5,441 | 65.7 | [Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069) | [Journal of Business Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-research.md) | 2019-12-10 | Joe F. Hair, Matt C. Howard, Christian Nitzl |
| 2 | 1,009 | 10.8 | [Developing and validating a service robot integration willingness scale](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.01.005) | [International Journal of Hospitality Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-hospitality-management.md) | 2019-01-24 | Lu Lu, Ruiying Cai, Doğan Gürsoy |
| 3 | 878 | 7.6 | [Supply chain resilience: Conceptualization and scale development using dynamic capability theory](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2017.03.020) | [International Journal of Production Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-production-economics.md) | 2017-03-28 | Md. Maruf Hossan Chowdhury, Mohammed Quaddus |
| 4 | 622 | 5.4 | [An empirical validation of a unified model of electronic government adoption (UMEGA)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2017.03.001) | [Government Information Quarterly](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/government-information-quarterly.md) | 2017-03-31 | Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi, Nripendra Pratap Rana, Marijn Janssen et al. |
| 5 | 612 | 6.9 | [Why do people use food delivery apps (FDA)? A uses and gratification theory perspective](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.05.025) | [Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-retailing-and-consumer-services.md) | 2019-06-25 | Arghya Ray, Amandeep Dhir, Pradip Kumar Bala et al. |

## Cite this page

Scholar4AI. (2026). Papers on “scale development”. Journal and Conference Research Rankings. Retrieved November 5, 2026, from https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/scale-development

```bibtex
@misc{scholar4ai-keywords-scale-development,
  author = {{Scholar4AI}},
  title = {Papers on “scale development”},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/scale-development}},
  urldate = {2026-11-05},
  note = {Journal and Conference Research Rankings; data from OpenAlex (CC0); licensed CC BY-NC 4.0}
}
```

License: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).