---
title: "Transparency research: papers, trends and top journals"
description: "From 2017 to 2026 (so far), the keyword “transparency” appeared in 896 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in economics (195), information systems (136) and management (136)."
url: https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/transparency
markdown_url: https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/transparency.md
license: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
share_text: "From 2017 to 2026 (so far), the keyword “transparency” appeared in 896 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in economics (195), information systems (136) and management (136). (as of 2026-11-03)"
data_url: https://scholar4ai.com/data/rankings.json
updated: 2026-11-03T18:03:37+09:00
window: 2026-10-05 to 2026-11-03
source: OpenAlex (CC0)
---

# Papers on “transparency”

Research on “transparency” in the 480 tracked journals: papers per year and category, the journals, institutions and countries publishing it, the keywords studied with it and its most-cited papers. It is not among the most frequent keywords of the last 30 days, so this page has no list of its latest papers.

Back to the ranking: https://scholar4ai.com/rankings/keywords.md

## Key findings

- From 2017 to 2026 (so far), the keyword “transparency” appeared in 896 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in economics (195), information systems (136) and management (136).
- 168 of them were published in 2025, against 59 in 2017.
- Since 2023, the institutions with the most of these papers were Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (8), Cornell University (6) and Goethe University Frankfurt (6).
- The journals publishing most of them were AI & Society (45), Resources Policy (15) and Government Information Quarterly (15).
- The most-cited of them is “The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines” (Nature Machine Intelligence, 2019), with 6,181 citations.

## Papers per year

*Papers per publication year and category*

| Category | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 (so far) |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| [Economics](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/economics.md) | 20 | 19 | 7 | 24 | 12 | 17 | 24 | 19 | 27 | 26 |
| [Information Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/information-systems.md) | 9 | 9 | 11 | 7 | 9 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 24 | 23 |
| [Management](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/management.md) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 12 | 18 | 11 | 17 | 24 | 28 |
| [AI](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/ai.md) | 2 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 32 | 30 |
| [Finance](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/finance.md) | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 21 | 15 |
| [Accounting](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/accounting.md) | 2 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 9 |
| [Marketing](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/marketing.md) | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 5 |
| [Health Economics and Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/health-economics-and-policy.md) | 5 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 2 |
| [Operations Research](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/operations-research.md) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 10 | 4 |
| [Higher Education and Research](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/higher-education-and-research.md) | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 |
| [Tourism and Hospitality](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/tourism-and-hospitality.md) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 1 |
| [Statistics](https://scholar4ai.com/categories/statistics.md) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| All categories | 59 | 57 | 48 | 64 | 72 | 89 | 94 | 98 | 168 | 147 |

## Where the papers come from

*Journals with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Journal | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [AI & Society](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ai-society.md) | 45 |
| 2 | [Resources Policy](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/resources-policy.md) | 15 |
| 3 | [Government Information Quarterly](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/government-information-quarterly.md) | 15 |
| 4 | [Technological Forecasting and Social Change](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/technological-forecasting-and-social-change.md) | 13 |
| 5 | [Journal of Business Ethics](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-ethics.md) | 13 |
| 6 | [Ethics and Information Technology](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ethics-and-information-technology.md) | 10 |
| 7 | [Journal of Business Research](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/journal-of-business-research.md) | 9 |
| 8 | [Artificial Intelligence Review](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/artificial-intelligence-review.md) | 9 |
| 9 | [Information Systems Frontiers](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/information-systems-frontiers.md) | 8 |
| 10 | [Information & Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/information-management.md) | 7 |

*Institutions with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Institution | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/centre-national-de-la-recherche-scientifique.md) | 8 |
| 2 | [Cornell University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/cornell-university.md) | 6 |
| 3 | Goethe University Frankfurt | 6 |
| 4 | Universidade de Santiago de Compostela | 6 |
| 5 | [University of Amsterdam](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-amsterdam.md) | 6 |
| 6 | [University of Bologna](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/university-of-bologna.md) | 6 |
| 7 | [Australian National University](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/australian-national-university.md) | 5 |
| 8 | [National University of Singapore](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/national-university-of-singapore.md) | 5 |
| 9 | [Norwegian University of Science and Technology](https://scholar4ai.com/institutions/norwegian-university-of-science-and-technology.md) | 5 |
| 10 | University of Antwerp | 5 |

*Countries with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Country | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | United States | 105 |
| 2 | United Kingdom | 72 |
| 3 | China | 52 |
| 4 | Germany | 43 |
| 5 | Italy | 37 |
| 6 | Spain | 33 |
| 7 | Australia | 29 |
| 8 | France | 28 |
| 9 | India | 28 |
| 10 | Netherlands | 26 |

*Keywords with the most papers, since 2023*

| # | Keyword | Papers |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | accountability | 71 |
| 2 | [blockchain](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/blockchain.md) | 39 |
| 3 | [AI ethics](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/ai-ethics.md) | 37 |
| 4 | fairness | 28 |
| 5 | [trust](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/trust.md) | 27 |
| 6 | AI governance | 25 |
| 7 | [explainable AI](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/explainable-ai.md) | 24 |
| 8 | [generative AI](https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/generative-ai.md) | 22 |
| 9 | algorithmic bias | 19 |

## Most-cited papers

*Most-cited papers since 2017*

| # | Citations | Per month | Title | Journal | Published | Authors |
|---:|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6,181 | 71.8 | [The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines](https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0088-2) | [Nature Machine Intelligence](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/nature-machine-intelligence.md) | 2019-09-02 | Anna Jobin, Marcello Ienca, Effy Vayena |
| 2 | 2,517 | 34.8 | [A Survey on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Toward Medical XAI](https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2020.3027314) | [IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/ieee-transactions-on-neural-networks-and-learning-systems.md) | 2020-10-21 | Erico Tjoa, Cuntai Guan |
| 3 | 2,150 | 20.1 | [1 Blockchain’s roles in meeting key supply chain management objectives](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.12.005) | [International Journal of Information Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/international-journal-of-information-management.md) | 2017-12-12 | Nir Kshetri |
| 4 | 1,980 | 22.4 | [Defining digital transformation: Results from expert interviews](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.06.002) | [Government Information Quarterly](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/government-information-quarterly.md) | 2019-06-25 | Ines A. Mergel, Noella Edelmann, Nathalie Haug |
| 5 | 828 | 13.1 | [Blockchain technology for bridging trust, traceability and transparency in circular supply chain](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2021.103508) | [Information & Management](https://scholar4ai.com/journals/information-management.md) | 2021-07-27 | Piera Centobelli, Roberto Cerchione, Pasquale Del Vecchio et al. |

## Cite this page

Scholar4AI. (2026). Papers on “transparency”. Journal and Conference Research Rankings. Retrieved November 3, 2026, from https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/transparency

```bibtex
@misc{scholar4ai-keywords-transparency,
  author = {{Scholar4AI}},
  title = {Papers on “transparency”},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://scholar4ai.com/keywords/transparency}},
  urldate = {2026-11-03},
  note = {Journal and Conference Research Rankings; data from OpenAlex (CC0); licensed CC BY-NC 4.0}
}
```

License: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).