Pension funds in private markets
Pension funds appear on only 19 recent papers, and 2 of them touch infrastructure, private equity or illiquid assets, although pension money is the main source of capital for private markets. As defined-contribution plans are allowed to hold private assets, are the returns worth the fees and the lock-up?
What prompted this#
Since October 2025, 19 papers carry a pension-fund keyword (12 in finance journals), with "pension funds" on 10. Only 2 of them also carry an infrastructure, private-market, private-asset, illiquid, private-equity, private-credit or alternative keyword. "Infrastructure investment" appears on 35 papers, mostly in economics, about public spending rather than investors.
Questions#
- After fees, do pension funds' private equity and infrastructure holdings beat listed alternatives over full cycles, and do reported returns smooth the losses?
- When private assets are opened to defined-contribution savers, who chooses them, and do they understand the lock-up?
- Do funds that must sell private assets to pay benefits sell at discounts in downturns?
Data that could help#
Pension fund holdings and performance reports, private fund cash flows (Preqin, PitchBook), and secondary-market transaction prices for fund stakes.
Next step#
Compare the reported and the cash-flow-based returns of private holdings in the annual reports of large public pension funds for 2015–2025.