What data is used most in finance, accounting, economics, management, operations research and AI research?

Counting papers that mention a dataset by name, the kinds of data used most in the tracked finance, accounting, economics, management, operations research and AI journals over the last 30 days were Macroeconomic and development indicators (59), Stock market indices (45), China household and social surveys (26), China statistical yearbooks and regional indices (21) and Financial data platforms (20); the most-mentioned datasets were S&P 500 (31), World Development Indicators (World Bank) (30), Eurostat (23), CSMAR (17) and VIX (16).

What data is used most in finance research?

Counting papers that mention a dataset by name, the kinds of data used most in the tracked finance journals over the last 30 days were Stock market indices (25), China financial and firm databases (15), Macroeconomic and development indicators (14), Corporate filings and text (12) and Options and volatility data (12); the most-mentioned datasets were S&P 500 (18), CSMAR (14), VIX (12), World Development Indicators (World Bank) (10) and CRSP (9).

What data is used most in accounting research?

Counting papers that mention a dataset by name, the kinds of data used most in the tracked accounting journals over the last 30 days were Bank regulatory data (2), Company financial statements (2), Financial data platforms (2), Asset pricing factor data (1) and Corporate filings and text (1); the most-mentioned datasets were Amadeus (Bureau van Dijk) (1), Audit Analytics (1), Bloomberg (1), Call Reports (1) and Compustat (1).

What data is used most in economics research?

Counting papers that mention a dataset by name, the kinds of data used most in the tracked economics journals over the last 30 days were Macroeconomic and development indicators (33), European and other national household panels (14), China household and social surveys (13), US household and labour surveys (9) and China statistical yearbooks and regional indices (7); the most-mentioned datasets were Eurostat (15), World Development Indicators (World Bank) (14), China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) (6), Penn World Table (6) and Labour Force Surveys (5).

What data is used most in management research?

Counting papers that mention a dataset by name, the kinds of data used most in the tracked management journals over the last 30 days were Macroeconomic and development indicators (9), Company financial statements (6), ESG and sustainability ratings (5), Stock market indices (5) and China statistical yearbooks and regional indices (3); the most-mentioned datasets were World Development Indicators (World Bank) (5), S&P 500 (4), Compustat (3), Eurostat (3) and Lipper / TASS (3).

What data is used most in operations research?

Counting papers that mention a dataset by name, the kinds of data used most in the tracked operations research journals over the last 30 days were Stock market indices (5), Macroeconomic and development indicators (2), China household and social surveys (1), Corporate filings and text (1) and ESG and sustainability ratings (1); the most-mentioned datasets were S&P 500 (4), Eurostat (2), China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) (1), CRSP (1) and Earnings call transcripts (1).

What data is used most in AI research?

Counting papers that mention a dataset by name, the kinds of data used most in the tracked AI journals over the last 30 days were Image classification benchmarks (8), Object detection and segmentation benchmarks (3), Social media data (3), China household and social surveys (2) and Credit scoring and lending data (2); the most-mentioned datasets were MNIST / Fashion-MNIST (5), CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100 (4), ImageNet (3), KITTI (3) and Facebook (2).

Most-used data

Datasets are grouped into data categories. A paper counts once for each dataset it mentions by name, in its title, abstract, keywords or full text, and once for each category with at least one of them. Window: 2026-09-27 – 2026-10-26 (30 days).

Key findings

The kinds of data mentioned most in the tracked finance, accounting, economics, management, operations research and AI journals over the last 30 days were Macroeconomic and development indicators (59), Stock market indices (45), China household and social surveys (26), China statistical yearbooks and regional indices (21) and Financial data platforms (20).
The most-mentioned single datasets were S&P 500 (31), World Development Indicators (World Bank) (30), Eurostat (23), CSMAR (17) and VIX (16).
Most-mentioned datasets in each journal category: Finance: S&P 500 (18) and CSMAR (14); Accounting: Amadeus (Bureau van Dijk) (1) and Audit Analytics (1); Economics: Eurostat (15) and World Development Indicators (World Bank) (14); Management: World Development Indicators (World Bank) (5) and S&P 500 (4); Operations Research: S&P 500 (4) and Eurostat (2); AI: MNIST / Fashion-MNIST (5) and CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100 (4).
304 of the 2,971 papers (10%) mention at least one of the 371 watched datasets.

By data category

Data categories · 2026-09-27 – 2026-10-26 (30 days)
#	Data category	Most-mentioned datasets	Papers	By journal category	What it covers	Last 7 days
1	Macroeconomic and development indicators	World Development Indicators (World Bank) (30), Eurostat (23), Penn World Table (7), IMF data (IFS, WEO, DOTS) (7) …	59	Economics 33 · Finance 14 · Management 9 · Operations Research 2 · Accounting 1	Cross-country series on output, prices, trade, population and development.	7
2	Stock market indices	S&P 500 (31), CSI 300 / Shanghai Composite (8), MSCI indices (5), Euro Stoxx / DAX (5) …	45	Finance 25 · Economics 7 · Management 5 · Operations Research 5 · AI 2 · Accounting 1	Benchmark equity indices used as market returns, samples or index-membership designs.	3
3	China household and social surveys	China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) (11), China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) (9), China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) (4), CHARLS (3) …	26	Economics 13 · Finance 10 · AI 2 · Operations Research 1	Chinese household, ageing, health and social surveys.	4
4	China statistical yearbooks and regional indices	Marketization index (Fan Gang) (13), China Statistical Yearbook (3), National Bureau of Statistics of China (3), China City Statistical Yearbook (2) …	21	Finance 10 · Economics 7 · Management 3 · AI 1	Province- and city-level statistics from Chinese statistical yearbooks, and regional indices built from them.	0
5	Financial data platforms	Refinitiv Datastream (5), WRDS (4), Refinitiv Eikon / LSEG Workspace (3), Yahoo Finance (3) …	20	Finance 11 · Economics 3 · Accounting 2 · Management 2 · Operations Research 1 · AI 1	Commercial terminals and data services with prices, fundamentals and economic series.	1
6	China financial and firm databases	CSMAR (17), CNRDS (6), Wind (5)	19	Finance 15 · Management 2 · Economics 1 · AI 1	Financial statements, trading, ownership and governance data of Chinese listed companies.	1
6	Corporate filings and text	Earnings call transcripts (9), Loughran-McDonald dictionary (9), 10-K filings (4), XBRL filings (2) …	19	Finance 12 · Management 3 · Accounting 1 · Economics 1 · Operations Research 1 · AI 1	Annual reports and other regulatory filings, earnings calls, and the word lists used to read them.	1
8	European and other national household panels	Labour Force Surveys (5), SHARE (4), German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) (3), Understanding Society / BHPS (2) …	17	Economics 14 · Finance 3	Household panels and surveys of Europe, Australia, Japan and Korea.	4
9	Options and volatility data	VIX (16), OVX (crude oil volatility index) (2)	16	Finance 12 · Economics 3 · AI 1	Option prices and implied volatilities, and volatility indices such as the VIX.	0
10	Company financial statements	Compustat (10), Orbis (Bureau van Dijk) (3), Amadeus (Bureau van Dijk) (1), S&P Capital IQ (1)	15	Finance 6 · Management 6 · Accounting 2 · Economics 1	Balance sheets, income statements and other accounting data of listed and private companies.	1
10	Uncertainty and sentiment indices	Climate Policy Uncertainty index (7), Economic Policy Uncertainty index (6), Trade Policy Uncertainty index (5)	15	Finance 7 · Economics 7 · Management 1	Text- and survey-based indices of policy uncertainty, geopolitical risk, investor sentiment and financial stress.	1
12	US macroeconomic data	University of Michigan Surveys of Consumers (5), FRED (4), Bureau of Economic Analysis (4), Bureau of Labor Statistics (2) …	14	Economics 7 · Finance 4 · Management 3	US national accounts, prices, labour statistics and expectation surveys.	2
13	ESG and sustainability ratings	MSCI ESG / KLD (3), CDP (Carbon Disclosure Project) (3), Huazheng / Sino-Securities ESG (3), Refinitiv ESG (ASSET4) (2) …	13	Finance 5 · Management 5 · Accounting 1 · Economics 1 · Operations Research 1	Environmental, social and governance scores, controversies and carbon data of companies.	0
13	US household and labour surveys	Health and Retirement Study (5), Current Population Survey (3), IPUMS (2), Consumer Expenditure Survey (2) …	13	Economics 9 · Management 3 · AI 1	US panel and cross-section surveys of households and workers: income, wealth, spending, health and work.	1
13	US stock market data	CRSP (12), NYSE TAQ (2)	13	Finance 9 · Economics 2 · Management 1 · Operations Research 1	Prices, returns, trading volume, quotes and shares outstanding of US-listed stocks.	4
16	Social media data	Twitter / X (5), Facebook (3), StockTwits (2), Reddit (1) …	10	Finance 5 · AI 3 · Economics 1 · Operations Research 1	Posts and activity from social networks and investor forums.	0
17	Mutual fund and hedge fund data	Lipper / TASS (7), Morningstar (2)	9	Finance 3 · Management 3 · AI 2 · Economics 1	Returns, holdings, flows and fees of mutual funds, ETFs and hedge funds.	0
18	Image classification benchmarks	MNIST / Fashion-MNIST (5), CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100 (4), ImageNet (3)	8	AI 8	Labelled image collections used to train and compare image classifiers.	1
19	Credit scoring and lending data	LendingClub (3), German Credit (UCI Statlog) (2), Taiwan credit card default (UCI) (1), Credit bureaus (Equifax, Experian, TransUnion) (1)	7	Finance 3 · AI 2 · Economics 1 · Management 1	Loan-level lending data and the public datasets used to train credit-scoring models.	0
20	Asset pricing factor data	Kenneth French Data Library (4), Hou-Xue-Zhang q-factors (2)	6	Finance 5 · Accounting 1	Published factor returns and anomaly portfolios used as benchmarks.	0
20	Corporate governance and executive data	BoardEx (3), ExecuComp (2), Audit Analytics (1)	6	Management 3 · Finance 2 · Accounting 1	Boards, directors, executive pay, shareholder voting, audits and governance ratings.	0
22	Bank regulatory data	Credit registers (e.g. AnaCredit) (3), Call Reports (1), FR Y-9C (1), BankFocus / BankScope (1)	5	Finance 2 · Accounting 2 · Economics 1	Supervisory filings and balance sheets of banks, deposits by branch and credit registers.	0
22	Bond, loan and credit data	TRACE (3), DealScan (1), Markit CDS (1)	5	Finance 2 · Economics 1 · Management 1 · AI 1	Corporate bond trades and terms, syndicated loans, credit default swaps and credit ratings.	0
22	Commodity prices	WTI crude oil (3), Brent crude oil (2), London Metal Exchange / LBMA (1)	5	Finance 2 · Economics 2 · AI 1	Benchmark prices of crude oil, natural gas, metals and agricultural commodities.	1
25	Search, news and web data	GDELT (2), Google Trends (1), Wikipedia (1)	4	Finance 2 · Management 1 · AI 1	Search volumes, news archives and web content used to measure attention, news and sentiment.	0
26	Analyst forecasts	I/B/E/S (2), Zacks (2)	3	Finance 2 · Economics 1	Sell-side analysts' earnings forecasts, recommendations and price targets.	0
26	Cryptocurrency data	CoinGecko (2), CoinMarketCap (1)	3	Finance 3	Prices, trading volumes and on-chain records of cryptocurrencies.	0
26	Governance and institutional indicators	Worldwide Governance Indicators (1), Corruption Perceptions Index (1), World Bank Doing Business (1)	3	Management 2 · Economics 1	Country indices of governance, democracy, corruption, economic freedom, political risk and capital openness.	0
26	M&A, IPO and private capital data	Crunchbase (3)	3	Management 2 · Finance 1	Deal-level data on mergers and acquisitions, equity and bond issues, venture capital and private equity.	0
26	Object detection and segmentation benchmarks	KITTI (3), nuScenes / Waymo Open / Argoverse (1)	3	AI 3	Images labelled with object boxes or pixel masks, including driving scenes.	0
31	Developing-country household surveys	Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) (1), Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) (1)	2	Economics 2	Household, health and living-standards surveys of low- and middle-income countries.	1
31	Education data	TIMSS / PIRLS (2)	2	Finance 1 · Economics 1	Student assessments and school and college records.	0
31	Face, person and video benchmarks	Face recognition (LFW, CelebA, VGGFace2) (1), Action recognition (Kinetics, UCF101, HMDB51) (1)	2	AI 2	Faces, people, poses, facial expressions and human actions in images and video.	1
31	Firm surveys and census data	World Bank Enterprise Surveys (2)	2	Finance 1 · Economics 1	Surveys and administrative records of firms and plants, including private firms.	0
31	Medical and clinical datasets	MIMIC (1), ISIC skin lesion archive (1)	2	AI 2	Clinical records, medical images and physiological signals used in medical machine learning.	0
31	Online reviews, e-commerce and recommender data	Amazon reviews (1), Taobao / Tmall / JD.com (1)	2	AI 2	Product and service reviews, ratings, purchases and user-item interactions.	0
31	Optimization benchmark instances	PSPLIB (1), CEC benchmark functions (1)	2	Operations Research 1 · AI 1	Standard problem instances for routing, scheduling and integer programming, and test functions for metaheuristics.	0
31	Ownership and insider trading	Thomson Reuters 13F holdings (2)	2	Finance 1 · Operations Research 1	Holdings of institutional investors (13F filings) and trades by corporate insiders.	0
31	Reinforcement learning environments	D4RL (1), SUMO traffic simulator (1)	2	AI 2	Simulators and benchmark suites for training and comparing reinforcement learning agents.	1
31	Satellite and geospatial data	Night-time lights (VIIRS, DMSP) (1), OpenStreetMap (1)	2	Economics 2	Night-time lights, land cover, satellite imagery and maps.	1
31	Text and NLP benchmarks	Natural language inference (SNLI, MultiNLI) (1), Retrieval and QA (MS MARCO, Natural Questions, HotpotQA) (1)	2	AI 2	Corpora and benchmarks for language understanding, question answering and text classification.	1
42	Health data	Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (1)	1	Finance 1	Population health statistics, disease burden, health surveys and pandemic trackers.	0
42	Industrial fault and prognostics benchmarks	Tennessee Eastman process (1)	1	AI 1	Bearing, engine, battery and process data used to compare fault-diagnosis and remaining-life models.	0
42	Job postings and occupation data	LinkedIn (1)	1	Finance 1	Online job ads, occupational task descriptions, worker profiles and employer reviews.	0
42	Real estate and housing data	S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller (1)	1	Accounting 1	House prices and transactions, mortgages and rents.	0
42	Remote sensing benchmarks	DOTA / xView (1)	1	AI 1	Hyperspectral and aerial image collections used to compare classification and detection methods.	0
42	Speech and audio benchmarks	Speech emotion (IEMOCAP, RAVDESS) (1)	1	AI 1	Speech, speaker and sound collections.	0
42	Time-series and traffic benchmarks	Traffic (PeMS, METR-LA) (1)	1	AI 1	Collections used to compare forecasting and time-series classification methods.	0
42	Weather, climate and disaster data	CMIP climate projections (1)	1	Economics 1	Weather observations, climate reanalyses and projections, and disaster records.	0

By dataset

Single datasets · 2026-09-27 – 2026-10-26 (30 days)
#	Dataset	Data category	Papers	By journal category	Last 7 days
1	S&P 500	Stock market indices	31	Finance 18 · Management 4 · Operations Research 4 · Economics 3 · Accounting 1 · AI 1	3
2	World Development Indicators (World Bank)	Macroeconomic and development indicators	30	Economics 14 · Finance 10 · Management 5 · Accounting 1	3
3	Eurostat	Macroeconomic and development indicators	23	Economics 15 · Finance 3 · Management 3 · Operations Research 2	3
4	CSMAR	China financial and firm databases	17	Finance 14 · Management 2 · Economics 1	0
5	VIX	Options and volatility data	16	Finance 12 · Economics 3 · AI 1	0
6	Marketization index (Fan Gang)	China statistical yearbooks and regional indices	13	Finance 7 · Economics 3 · Management 2 · AI 1	0
7	CRSP	US stock market data	12	Finance 9 · Economics 1 · Management 1 · Operations Research 1	3
8	China Household Finance Survey (CHFS)	China household and social surveys	11	Finance 8 · Economics 2 · AI 1	2
9	Compustat	Company financial statements	10	Finance 6 · Management 3 · Accounting 1	0
10	China Family Panel Studies (CFPS)	China household and social surveys	9	Economics 6 · Finance 3	1
10	Earnings call transcripts	Corporate filings and text	9	Finance 6 · Accounting 1 · Management 1 · Operations Research 1	0
10	Loughran-McDonald dictionary	Corporate filings and text	9	Finance 9	0
13	CSI 300 / Shanghai Composite	Stock market indices	8	Finance 4 · Economics 2 · Management 1 · AI 1	0
14	Climate Policy Uncertainty index	Uncertainty and sentiment indices	7	Finance 3 · Economics 3 · Management 1	0
14	IMF data (IFS, WEO, DOTS)	Macroeconomic and development indicators	7	Finance 4 · Economics 2 · Management 1	1
14	Lipper / TASS	Mutual fund and hedge fund data	7	Management 3 · AI 2 · Finance 1 · Economics 1	0
14	Penn World Table	Macroeconomic and development indicators	7	Economics 6 · Finance 1	0
18	CNRDS	China financial and firm databases	6	Finance 5 · Management 1	0
18	Economic Policy Uncertainty index	Uncertainty and sentiment indices	6	Finance 3 · Economics 3	1
20	Euro Stoxx / DAX	Stock market indices	5	Finance 2 · Economics 2 · Operations Research 1	0
20	Health and Retirement Study	US household and labour surveys	5	Economics 4 · Management 1	1
20	Labour Force Surveys	European and other national household panels	5	Economics 5	1
20	MNIST / Fashion-MNIST	Image classification benchmarks	5	AI 5	0
20	MSCI indices	Stock market indices	5	Finance 2 · Economics 2 · Management 1	0
20	OECD statistics	Macroeconomic and development indicators	5	Economics 4 · Management 1	0
20	Refinitiv Datastream	Financial data platforms	5	Finance 2 · Accounting 1 · Economics 1 · Management 1	0
20	Trade Policy Uncertainty index	Uncertainty and sentiment indices	5	Finance 3 · Economics 2	0
20	Twitter / X	Social media data	5	Finance 2 · AI 2 · Economics 1	0
20	University of Michigan Surveys of Consumers	US macroeconomic data	5	Economics 3 · Finance 1 · Management 1	0
20	Wind	China financial and firm databases	5	Finance 4 · AI 1	1
31	10-K filings	Corporate filings and text	4	Finance 2 · Management 1 · AI 1	0
31	Bureau of Economic Analysis	US macroeconomic data	4	Economics 3 · Finance 1	0
31	China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)	China household and social surveys	4	Economics 2 · Finance 1 · Operations Research 1	1
31	CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100	Image classification benchmarks	4	AI 4	0
31	FRED	US macroeconomic data	4	Economics 2 · Finance 1 · Management 1	2
31	Kenneth French Data Library	Asset pricing factor data	4	Finance 4	0
31	SHARE	European and other national household panels	4	Economics 4	1
31	WRDS	Financial data platforms	4	Finance 2 · Economics 1 · AI 1	1
39	BoardEx	Corporate governance and executive data	3	Management 2 · Finance 1	0
39	CDP (Carbon Disclosure Project)	ESG and sustainability ratings	3	Management 2 · Finance 1	0
39	CHARLS	China household and social surveys	3	Economics 3	0
39	China Statistical Yearbook	China statistical yearbooks and regional indices	3	Economics 2 · Finance 1	0
39	Credit registers (e.g. AnaCredit)	Bank regulatory data	3	Finance 1 · Accounting 1 · Economics 1	0
39	Crunchbase	M&A, IPO and private capital data	3	Management 2 · Finance 1	0
39	Current Population Survey	US household and labour surveys	3	Economics 3	0
39	Dow Jones Industrial Average	Stock market indices	3	Finance 1 · Management 1 · AI 1	0
39	Facebook	Social media data	3	AI 2 · Finance 1	0
39	German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP)	European and other national household panels	3	Economics 2 · Finance 1	0
39	Huazheng / Sino-Securities ESG	ESG and sustainability ratings	3	Finance 2 · Management 1	0
39	ImageNet	Image classification benchmarks	3	AI 3	1
39	Investing.com	Financial data platforms	3	Finance 1 · Economics 1 · Management 1	0
39	KITTI	Object detection and segmentation benchmarks	3	AI 3	0
39	LendingClub	Credit scoring and lending data	3	Finance 2 · Management 1	0
39	MSCI ESG / KLD	ESG and sustainability ratings	3	Management 2 · Accounting 1	0
39	National Bureau of Statistics of China	China statistical yearbooks and regional indices	3	Economics 2 · Finance 1	0
39	Orbis (Bureau van Dijk)	Company financial statements	3	Management 2 · Economics 1	1
39	Refinitiv Eikon / LSEG Workspace	Financial data platforms	3	Finance 3	0
39	TRACE	Bond, loan and credit data	3	Finance 1 · Management 1 · AI 1	0
39	WTI crude oil	Commodity prices	3	Finance 1 · Economics 1 · AI 1	1
39	Yahoo Finance	Financial data platforms	3	Finance 2 · Operations Research 1	0
61	Bloomberg	Financial data platforms	2	Finance 1 · Accounting 1	0
61	Bloomberg ESG	ESG and sustainability ratings	2	Finance 2	0
61	Brent crude oil	Commodity prices	2	Finance 1 · AI 1	0
61	Bureau of Labor Statistics	US macroeconomic data	2	Economics 1 · Management 1	0
61	China City Statistical Yearbook	China statistical yearbooks and regional indices	2	Finance 1 · Management 1	0
61	Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS)	China household and social surveys	2	Economics 2	1
61	CoinGecko	Cryptocurrency data	2	Finance 2	0
61	Consumer Expenditure Survey	US household and labour surveys	2	Economics 1 · Management 1	0
61	EU-SILC	European and other national household panels	2	Economics 2	1
61	ExecuComp	Corporate governance and executive data	2	Finance 1 · Management 1	0
61	FactSet	Financial data platforms	2	Finance 2	0
61	GDELT	Search, news and web data	2	Finance 1 · AI 1	0
61	German Credit (UCI Statlog)	Credit scoring and lending data	2	AI 2	0
61	Global Financial Development Database	Macroeconomic and development indicators	2	Finance 1 · Economics 1	1
61	Hexun CSR ratings	ESG and sustainability ratings	2	Finance 1 · Management 1	0
61	Hou-Xue-Zhang q-factors	Asset pricing factor data	2	Finance 1 · Accounting 1	0
61	Household Finance and Consumption Survey	European and other national household panels	2	Finance 2	0
61	I/B/E/S	Analyst forecasts	2	Finance 2	0
61	IPUMS	US household and labour surveys	2	Economics 1 · Management 1	0
61	Morningstar	Mutual fund and hedge fund data	2	Finance 2	0
61	NYSE TAQ	US stock market data	2	Finance 1 · Economics 1	1
61	OVX (crude oil volatility index)	Options and volatility data	2	Finance 2	0
61	Refinitiv ESG (ASSET4)	ESG and sustainability ratings	2	Management 1 · Operations Research 1	0
61	StockTwits	Social media data	2	Finance 2	0
61	SynTao Green Finance	ESG and sustainability ratings	2	Finance 1 · Economics 1	0
61	Thomson Reuters 13F holdings	Ownership and insider trading	2	Finance 1 · Operations Research 1	0
61	TIMSS / PIRLS	Education data	2	Finance 1 · Economics 1	0
61	Understanding Society / BHPS	European and other national household panels	2	Economics 2	0
61	World Bank Enterprise Surveys	Firm surveys and census data	2	Finance 1 · Economics 1	0
61	XBRL filings	Corporate filings and text	2	Economics 1 · Management 1	1
61	Zacks	Analyst forecasts	2	Finance 1 · Economics 1	0
92	Action recognition (Kinetics, UCF101, HMDB51)	Face, person and video benchmarks	1	AI 1	0
92	Amadeus (Bureau van Dijk)	Company financial statements	1	Accounting 1	0
92	Amazon reviews	Online reviews, e-commerce and recommender data	1	AI 1	0
92	Audit Analytics	Corporate governance and executive data	1	Accounting 1	0
92	BankFocus / BankScope	Bank regulatory data	1	Finance 1	0
92	Call Reports	Bank regulatory data	1	Accounting 1	0
92	CEC benchmark functions	Optimization benchmark instances	1	AI 1	0
92	China Energy Statistical Yearbook	China statistical yearbooks and regional indices	1	Economics 1	0
92	China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS)	China household and social surveys	1	AI 1	0
92	CMIP climate projections	Weather, climate and disaster data	1	Economics 1	0
92	CoinMarketCap	Cryptocurrency data	1	Finance 1	0
92	Corruption Perceptions Index	Governance and institutional indicators	1	Management 1	0
92	Credit bureaus (Equifax, Experian, TransUnion)	Credit scoring and lending data	1	Economics 1	0
92	D4RL	Reinforcement learning environments	1	AI 1	0
92	DealScan	Bond, loan and credit data	1	Finance 1	0
92	Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)	Developing-country household surveys	1	Economics 1	1
92	DOTA / xView	Remote sensing benchmarks	1	AI 1	0
92	Face recognition (LFW, CelebA, VGGFace2)	Face, person and video benchmarks	1	AI 1	1
92	FR Y-9C	Bank regulatory data	1	Accounting 1	0
92	Google Trends	Search, news and web data	1	Management 1	0
92	HILDA	European and other national household panels	1	Economics 1	0
92	ISIC skin lesion archive	Medical and clinical datasets	1	AI 1	0
92	Japan and Korea household panels	European and other national household panels	1	Economics 1	1
92	LinkedIn	Job postings and occupation data	1	Finance 1	0
92	Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS)	Developing-country household surveys	1	Economics 1	0
92	London Metal Exchange / LBMA	Commodity prices	1	Economics 1	0
92	Markit CDS	Bond, loan and credit data	1	Economics 1	0
92	MIMIC	Medical and clinical datasets	1	AI 1	0
92	Natural language inference (SNLI, MultiNLI)	Text and NLP benchmarks	1	AI 1	1
92	Night-time lights (VIIRS, DMSP)	Satellite and geospatial data	1	Economics 1	0
92	Nikkei 225 / TOPIX	Stock market indices	1	Finance 1	0
92	nuScenes / Waymo Open / Argoverse	Object detection and segmentation benchmarks	1	AI 1	0
92	OpenStreetMap	Satellite and geospatial data	1	Economics 1	1
92	Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker	Health data	1	Finance 1	0
92	Peking University Digital Financial Inclusion Index	China statistical yearbooks and regional indices	1	Finance 1	0
92	PSID	US household and labour surveys	1	Economics 1	0
92	PSPLIB	Optimization benchmark instances	1	Operations Research 1	0
92	Reddit	Social media data	1	AI 1	0
92	RepRisk	ESG and sustainability ratings	1	Finance 1	0
92	Retrieval and QA (MS MARCO, Natural Questions, HotpotQA)	Text and NLP benchmarks	1	AI 1	0
92	S&P Capital IQ	Company financial statements	1	Management 1	0
92	S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller	Real estate and housing data	1	Accounting 1	0
92	SEC EDGAR	Corporate filings and text	1	Economics 1	1
92	SIPP	US household and labour surveys	1	AI 1	0
92	Speech emotion (IEMOCAP, RAVDESS)	Speech and audio benchmarks	1	AI 1	0
92	SUMO traffic simulator	Reinforcement learning environments	1	AI 1	1
92	Survey of Consumer Finances	US household and labour surveys	1	Economics 1	0
92	Survey of Professional Forecasters	US macroeconomic data	1	Finance 1	0
92	Taiwan credit card default (UCI)	Credit scoring and lending data	1	Finance 1	0
92	Taobao / Tmall / JD.com	Online reviews, e-commerce and recommender data	1	AI 1	0
92	Tennessee Eastman process	Industrial fault and prognostics benchmarks	1	AI 1	0
92	Traffic (PeMS, METR-LA)	Time-series and traffic benchmarks	1	AI 1	0
92	Trucost	ESG and sustainability ratings	1	Finance 1	0
92	Wikipedia	Search, news and web data	1	Finance 1	0
92	World Bank Doing Business	Governance and institutional indicators	1	Management 1	0
92	Worldwide Governance Indicators	Governance and institutional indicators	1	Economics 1	0
92	YouTube / TikTok	Social media data	1	Operations Research 1	0

Watched but not mentioned in this window

Data categories with no paper in this window: Cross-country social and attitude surveys, Cybersecurity and anomaly detection benchmarks, Energy and emissions data, Financial NLP datasets, Graph learning benchmarks, International trade and input-output data, LLM evaluation benchmarks, Patents and innovation data, Public machine learning repositories.

Watched datasets with no paper in this window (223): AAII sentiment survey, ADE20K, ADNI, Afrobarometer / Latinobarometro, AG News / 20 Newsgroups, Airbnb, American Community Survey, American Time Use Survey, AQR factors, Atari (Arcade Learning Environment), AudioSet / ESC-50, Australian Credit (UCI), Baidu Index, Baker-Wurgler investor sentiment, Battery ageing data (NASA, CALCE), BIG-bench, BraTS, Caltech-101 / 256, CEADs (China emission accounts), CEPII BACI, Chest X-ray (CheXpert, ChestX-ray14), China Customs data, China Environmental Statistical Yearbook, China housing platforms (Lianjia, Anjuke, Fang.com), China patent office (CNIPA / SIPO), Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP), Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database, Chinese investor forums (Guba, Xueqiu), Chinn-Ito financial openness index, CIC-IDS2017 / CSE-CIC-IDS2018, Cityscapes, CLHLS, CMIE Prowess, Common Voice, CoNLL, Cora / CiteSeer / PubMed (Planetoid), CoreLogic, Credit card fraud data (Kaggle, PaySim, IEEE-CIS), CRSP Mutual Fund Database, CRU climate data, CryptoCompare, CVRPLIB, CWRU bearing data, DeepMind Control Suite, Domain adaptation benchmarks (Office-31, Office-Home, VisDA, DomainNet), Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, ECB SAFE survey, Economic freedom indices, EDGAR emissions database, EM-DAT disaster database, English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, ENTSO-E / Nord Pool electricity data, Eora, ERA5 reanalysis, Etherscan, ETT (electricity transformer temperature), EU ETS transaction log, Eurobarometer, European Patent Office / WIPO, European Social Survey, eVestment, Facial expression (FER2013, AffectNet, RAF-DB), Factiva, Fannie Mae / Freddie Mac loan data, FDIC Summary of Deposits, FEMA disaster data, FHFA house price index, FinanceBench, Financial PhraseBank, Financial stress indices, Fine-grained benchmarks (CUB-200, Stanford Cars, Oxford Flowers), FinQA / ConvFinQA / TAT-QA, FiQA, Freedom House, FTSE indices, Gallup World Poll, Geopolitical Risk index, Give Me Some Credit, Glassdoor, Glassnode, Global Burden of Disease, Global Carbon Project, Global Factor Data (JKP), Global Findex, Global Trade Alert, GLUE / SuperGLUE, Google Earth Engine, Google Patents, GSM8K / MATH, GTAP, Hedge Fund Research (HFR), Henry Hub natural gas, HMDA mortgage data, Home Credit, Houston 2013 / 2018, Hugging Face Hub, HumanEval / MBPP, iFinD, IMDb, Indeed, India Annual Survey of Industries, India Human Development Survey, India National Sample Survey, Indian Pines, Indonesia Family Life Survey, Industrial control anomalies (SWaT, WADI), Insider trading filings (Form 4), International Country Risk Guide (ICRG), International Energy Agency (IEA), International Social Survey Programme, IoT intrusion data (Bot-IoT, TON_IoT, CICIoT2023), IPEDS, ISS (Institutional Shareholder Services), Johns Hopkins COVID-19 data, Kaggle, Kaiko, Kauffman Firm Survey, KEEL, Landsat, LexisNexis, LibriSpeech, LIDC-IDRI, Lightcast (Burning Glass), LISS panel, Location and social recommendation data (Gowalla, Foursquare, Yelp, Epinions), M3 / M4 / M5 competitions, Maddison Project, Mergent FISD, MIPLIB, MMLU, MODIS, Molecule benchmarks (QM9, ZINC, MUTAG), MovieLens, MS COCO, MT-Bench / Chatbot Arena, MuJoCo, Multi-objective test problems (ZDT, DTLZ, WFG), Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, NAEP, NASA C-MAPSS turbofan data, NBER patent data, Netflix Prize, NLSY, NOAA, NOAA Storm Events Database, NSL-KDD / KDD Cup 99, NYC taxi trips, O*NET, OECD TiVA / ICIO, Open Graph Benchmark, Open Images, Open Source Asset Pricing, OpenAI Gym / Gymnasium, OpenML, OptionMetrics, OR-Library, Our World in Data, Paderborn bearing data, PASCAL VOC, PATSTAT, Pavia University / Pavia Centre, Person re-identification (Market-1501, DukeMTMC, MSMT17), PhysioNet / MIT-BIH, PISA, PitchBook, Polity, Pre-training corpora (Common Crawl, C4, The Pile), Preqin, PRONOSTIA / PHM 2012 bearings, Prosper, RavenPack, RESSET, Revelio Labs, Russell 1000 / 2000 / 3000, S&P Global Market Intelligence (SNL), S&P GSCI / Bloomberg Commodity Index, Salinas, Scene classification (NWPU-RESISC45, UC Merced, AID), SDC Platinum, Seeking Alpha, SEER cancer registry, Sentinel / Copernicus, Skeleton and pose (NTU RGB+D, Human3.6M), Solomon VRPTW instances, SQuAD, Stanford Education Data Archive, Stanford Sentiment Treebank, StarCraft, Statistical Review of World Energy, Sustainalytics, SVHN, Taillard instances, TCGA, TIMIT, TripAdvisor, TruthfulQA / HellaSwag / ARC, TSPLIB, UCI Machine Learning Repository, UCR / UEA archives, UK Biobank, UN Comtrade, UNSW-NB15, US Census business data (LBD, CBP, QCEW), US Energy Information Administration (EIA), US EPA emissions inventories (GHGRP, TRI), US health surveys (NHANES, BRFSS, MEPS), USPTO / PatentsView, V-Dem, VentureXpert / VentureSource, VoxCeleb, Weibo, WHO Global Health Observatory, WITS / TRAINS tariff data, World Bank Pink Sheet, World Input-Output Database (WIOD), World Uncertainty Index, World Values Survey, Worldscope, XJTU-SY bearings, Yelp, Young Lives, Zephyr (Bureau van Dijk), Zillow (ZTRAX, ZHVI).

How the datasets are found

The site watches a fixed list of 371 datasets in 58 data categories, each with the names papers use for it (full names, abbreviations and common spellings). A paper counts when one of them appears in its title, abstract or OpenAlex keywords, or, for papers whose full text OpenAlex has indexed, anywhere in the full text (found with OpenAlex full-text search).

In this window OpenAlex has the abstract of 773 of the 2,971 papers (26%) and searchable full text for 545 (18%); titles and keywords are always there.

The full-text lookups go a group of names at a time, the stalest first, as far as the day's OpenAlex request budget allows: 30 of the 69 groups have had a lookup so far (between 2026-10-23 and 2026-10-26) and the rest are queued, so for now their counts rest on titles, abstracts and keywords.

The counts are therefore lower bounds that lean toward papers with open full text, and a mention is not proof that a paper uses the equation or dataset. Abstracts are only read to spot the names; they are neither stored nor republished.

Questions this page answers

What data is used most in finance, accounting, economics, management, operations research and AI research?: Counting papers that mention a dataset by name, the kinds of data used most in the tracked finance, accounting, economics, management, operations research and AI journals over the last 30 days were Macroeconomic and development indicators (59), Stock market indices (45), China household and social surveys (26), China statistical yearbooks and regional indices (21) and Financial data platforms (20); the most-mentioned datasets were S&P 500 (31), World Development Indicators (World Bank) (30), Eurostat (23), CSMAR (17) and VIX (16).
What data is used most in finance research?: Counting papers that mention a dataset by name, the kinds of data used most in the tracked finance journals over the last 30 days were Stock market indices (25), China financial and firm databases (15), Macroeconomic and development indicators (14), Corporate filings and text (12) and Options and volatility data (12); the most-mentioned datasets were S&P 500 (18), CSMAR (14), VIX (12), World Development Indicators (World Bank) (10) and CRSP (9).
What data is used most in accounting research?: Counting papers that mention a dataset by name, the kinds of data used most in the tracked accounting journals over the last 30 days were Bank regulatory data (2), Company financial statements (2), Financial data platforms (2), Asset pricing factor data (1) and Corporate filings and text (1); the most-mentioned datasets were Amadeus (Bureau van Dijk) (1), Audit Analytics (1), Bloomberg (1), Call Reports (1) and Compustat (1).
What data is used most in economics research?: Counting papers that mention a dataset by name, the kinds of data used most in the tracked economics journals over the last 30 days were Macroeconomic and development indicators (33), European and other national household panels (14), China household and social surveys (13), US household and labour surveys (9) and China statistical yearbooks and regional indices (7); the most-mentioned datasets were Eurostat (15), World Development Indicators (World Bank) (14), China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) (6), Penn World Table (6) and Labour Force Surveys (5).
What data is used most in management research?: Counting papers that mention a dataset by name, the kinds of data used most in the tracked management journals over the last 30 days were Macroeconomic and development indicators (9), Company financial statements (6), ESG and sustainability ratings (5), Stock market indices (5) and China statistical yearbooks and regional indices (3); the most-mentioned datasets were World Development Indicators (World Bank) (5), S&P 500 (4), Compustat (3), Eurostat (3) and Lipper / TASS (3).
What data is used most in operations research?: Counting papers that mention a dataset by name, the kinds of data used most in the tracked operations research journals over the last 30 days were Stock market indices (5), Macroeconomic and development indicators (2), China household and social surveys (1), Corporate filings and text (1) and ESG and sustainability ratings (1); the most-mentioned datasets were S&P 500 (4), Eurostat (2), China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) (1), CRSP (1) and Earnings call transcripts (1).
What data is used most in AI research?: Counting papers that mention a dataset by name, the kinds of data used most in the tracked AI journals over the last 30 days were Image classification benchmarks (8), Object detection and segmentation benchmarks (3), Social media data (3), China household and social surveys (2) and Credit scoring and lending data (2); the most-mentioned datasets were MNIST / Fashion-MNIST (5), CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100 (4), ImageNet (3), KITTI (3) and Facebook (2).