Fertilizer prices and the food they grow
Fertilizer use and prices appear on 30 recent papers, almost all in the economics journals. The 2022 fertilizer price spike after Russia's invasion of Ukraine was one of the largest on record. How much did farmers cut application, what did it do to yields and food prices a year later, and did it speed up the shift to precision farming?
What prompted this#
Since October 2025, 30 papers carry a fertilizer keyword (26 in economics journals): "fertilizer use" on 6, "fertilizer prices" on 5, "fertilizer management" on 4. Food prices and food security appear on far more papers, but the link from input prices to output prices is rarely traced through farms.
Questions#
- After the 2022 spike, by how much did farmers in different countries cut nitrogen application, and how much yield did they lose?
- Did the yield loss show up in 2023 food prices, and did importing countries with fertilizer subsidies fare better?
- Did high prices accelerate adoption of precision application, organic fertilizer or nitrogen-fixing crops, and did the change persist when prices fell?
Data that could help#
Fertilizer sales and prices by country (FAO, IFA), farm surveys with application rates, crop yields and food price indices.
Next step#
Relate country-level changes in nitrogen use in 2022 to the fertilizer price shock and to the following year's cereal yields.