Did fintech make banking more competitive?
Bank competition appears on 68 recent papers, but only 19 bank-competition papers carry a fintech, digital or platform keyword. Fintech lenders and digital banks were supposed to erode banks' market power. Did loan and deposit margins actually fall where they entered, and for whom?
What prompted this#
Since October 2025, 75 papers carry a bank-competition, bank-market-power or banking-market-structure keyword (53 in finance journals, 20 in economics), with "bank competition" on 68. Only 19 of them also carry a fintech, digital, big-tech, platform or mobile keyword (fintech 7, digital finance 4, digital banking 4), although "fintech" appears on 189 papers in the archive.
Questions#
- In regions where fintech lenders gained share, did banks' loan rates and deposit margins narrow, or did fintech take only the borrowers banks did not want?
- Did big-tech platforms (Ant, Tencent, Mercado Pago) raise competition, or build new market power of their own?
- Does fintech competition make banks take more risk, as the old competition–fragility view would predict?
Data that could help#
Regional fintech lending volumes (HMDA, platform disclosures, China's digital finance index), bank-level margins and risk measures, and the timing of fintech entry.
Next step#
Relate the change in county-level bank loan spreads to fintech mortgage and personal-loan market shares over 2015–2025.