MNIST / Fashion-MNIST

data category: Image classification benchmarks · 0 papers in the last 7 days

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Labelled image collections used to train and compare image classifiers.

Names searched for: MNIST

Key findings#

From Nov 2023 to Oct 2026, 754 archived papers mentioned MNIST / Fashion-MNIST in their title, abstract or keywords (the search of earlier months' full texts is still under way), most of them in Jan 2024 (40).
MNIST / Fashion-MNIST was mentioned in 11 papers in the last 30 days (2026-10-06 to 2026-11-04), ranking #19 of the 255 datasets mentioned.
By journal category: AI (11).
Most of them appeared in Neural Networks (3), Pattern Recognition (2) and Expert Systems with Applications (1).
From 2017 to 2026 (so far), MNIST / Fashion-MNIST was mentioned in 1,037 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in AI (968), operations research (49) and statistics (14).
238 of them were published in 2025, against 16 in 2017.
Since 2023, the institutions with the most of these papers were Chinese Academy of Sciences (23), Tsinghua University (23) and University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (23).
The journals publishing most of them were IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (95), IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (91) and Neural Networks (79).
The most-cited of them is “A systematic study of the class imbalance problem in convolutional neural networks” (Neural Networks, 2018), with 3,086 citations.
Papers use MNIST / Fashion-MNIST most often with CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100 (515), ImageNet (322) and SVHN (121); it has 71 partners in the code and data network, in the group around ImageNet, CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100, MNIST / Fashion-MNIST.

Mentions over 36 months#

Papers mentioning it by publication month, Nov 2023 to Oct 2026 (titles, abstracts and keywords; the full texts of earlier months are still being searched)
Trend	Nov 23–Oct 24	Nov 24–Oct 25	Nov 25–Oct 26	36 months
	297	261	196	754

Papers per year#

20172026 (so far)

Papers per publication year and category
Category	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2026 (so far)
AI	16	24	32	47	44	46	114	272	214	159
Operations Research	0	0	0	1	2	1	2	13	19	11
Statistics	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	7	4	0
Information Systems	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1
Economics	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Higher Education and Research	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
All categories	16	26	32	49	46	47	117	294	238	172

Where the papers come from#

Journals with the most papers, since 2023
#	Journal	Papers
1	IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence	95
2	IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems	91
3	Neural Networks	79
4	Machine Learning	75
5	Neural Computing and Applications	68
6	Artificial Intelligence Review	59
7	Pattern Recognition	41
8	IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence	40
9	Expert Systems with Applications	32
10	Knowledge-Based Systems	27

Institutions with the most papers, since 2023
#	Institution	Papers
1	Chinese Academy of Sciences	23
2	Tsinghua University	23
3	University of Electronic Science and Technology of China	23
4	Zhejiang University	21
5	Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique	20
6	Nanyang Technological University	16
7	Xidian University	14
8	Hong Kong Polytechnic University	13
9	Shanghai Jiao Tong University	13
10	Chinese University of Hong Kong	12

Countries with the most papers, since 2023
#	Country	Papers
1	China	300
2	United States	120
3	United Kingdom	83
4	Australia	59
5	Germany	50
6	Italy	49
7	Hong Kong	47
8	Spain	37
9	France	36
10	Singapore	35

Keywords with the most papers, since 2023
#	Keyword	Papers
1	image classification	81
2	federated learning	59
3	MNIST	53
4	convolutional neural networks	39
5	generalization	35
6	spiking neural networks	35
7	data heterogeneity	34
8	non-IID data	31
9	convergence analysis	28
10	catastrophic forgetting	27

Most-cited papers#

Most-cited papers since 2017
#	Citations	Per month	Title	Journal	Published	Authors
1	3,086	31.1	A systematic study of the class imbalance problem in convolutional neural networks	Neural Networks	2018-07-29	Mateusz Buda, Atsuto Maki, Maciej A. Mazurowski
2	665	14.2	Three types of incremental learning	Nature Machine Intelligence	2022-12-05	Gido M. van de Ven, Tinne Tuytelaars, Andreas Savas Tolias
3	613	18.6	Autoencoders and their applications in machine learning: a survey	Artificial Intelligence Review	2024-02-03	Kamal Berahmand, Fatemeh Daneshfar, Elaheh Sadat Salehi et al.
4	556	13.1	A modified Adam algorithm for deep neural network optimization	Neural Computing and Applications	2023-04-25	Mohamed Reyad, Amany Mahmoud Sarhan, Mohamed M. Arafa
5	522	16.4	Federated learning for medical image analysis: A survey	Pattern Recognition	2024-03-12	Hao Guan, Pew‐Thian Yap, Andrea Bozoki et al.

Archive counts by publication year: a paper counts when its title, abstract or keywords name the dataset, or when OpenAlex's full-text search finds it there (searched for the last 30 days' papers and, by a pass over the past years, for older ones). Names added to the list later are looked for in older papers as the archive is read again.

Used together with#

Papers use MNIST / Fashion-MNIST most often with CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100 (515), ImageNet (322) and SVHN (121); it has 71 partners in the code and data network, in the group around ImageNet, CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100, MNIST / Fashion-MNIST. The whole network →

What papers use MNIST / Fashion-MNIST together with (at least 3 papers; lift 1 = chance)
Used with	Type	Papers using both	Lift
CIFAR-10 / CIFAR-100	Dataset	515	15.8
ImageNet	Dataset	322	5.6
SVHN	Dataset	121	24.9
Face recognition (LFW, CelebA, VGGFace2)	Dataset	69	10.5
UCI Machine Learning Repository	Dataset	56	3.7
Caltech-101 / 256	Dataset	49	13.8
MS COCO	Dataset	37	1.7
IMDb	Dataset	36	6.2
Domain adaptation benchmarks (Office-31, Office-Home, VisDA…	Dataset	33	8.9
Kaggle	Dataset	31	2.2
Fine-grained benchmarks (CUB-200, Stanford Cars, Oxford Flowers)	Dataset	29	5.3
PASCAL VOC	Dataset	23	3.0

Papers mentioning MNIST / Fashion-MNIST in the last 30 days, newest first.
Date	Title	Journal	Authors	Affiliations
2026-10-28	AP(TM): Associative processor based Tsetlin machine	Expert Systems with Applications	Harel Srot, Yehuda Rudin, Alexander Fish et al.	Bar-Ilan University
2026-10-27	Meta additive model: interpretable sparse learning with auto weighting	Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery	Xuelin Zhang, Xinyue Liu, Lingjuan Wu et al.	Huazhong Agricultural University; Dongfeng Motor (China)
2026-10-23	Parallelizable memory recurrent units	Neural Networks	Florent De Geeter, Gaspard Lambrechts, Damien Ernst et al.	University of Liège
2026-10-20	Central description length (CDL) clustering validation index	Artificial Intelligence	Mahdi Shamsi, Soosan Beheshti	McGill University; Toronto Metropolitan University
2026-10-19	Nothing beyond randomness is required for forward-forward learning	Pattern Recognition	Yue Zhou, Xiaofang Hu, Shukai Duan	Southwest University
2026-10-17	Language modeling on tabular data: a survey of foundations, techniques and evolution	Artificial Intelligence Review	Yucheng Ruan, Xiang Lan, Jingying Ma et al.	National University of Singapore; Institute of Data Science
2026-10-15	Frequency–spatial dual-domain imperceptible watermarking for robust image datasets copyright protection	Information Processing & Management	Xiaojie Du, Yedi Chen, Kai Ma et al.	Guizhou Normal University
2026-10-14	Dynamic gain neuromodulation attenuates stability gaps during continual joint training	Neural Networks	Alejandro Rodriguez-Garcia, Anindya Ghosh, Srikanth Ramaswamy	Newcastle University
2026-10-13	Bootstrap Wasserstein alignment for stable feature attribution in low-data regimes	Knowledge-Based Systems	Mujahidul Islam, Priya Dubey	Tokyo International University
2026-10-12	AS-DQCNN: Angle superposition-augmented decreasing quantum convolutional neural network for image classification	Neural Networks	Yanyan Feng, Yan Li, Jie Li et al.	Central South University of Forestry and Technology; Central South University
2026-10-10	Variational graph-based semi-supervised learning	Pattern Recognition	Sebastian Salwig, Till Kahlke, Jörg Lücke	Universität Innsbruck

Cite this page

Scholar4AI. (2026). MNIST / Fashion-MNIST. Journal and Conference Research Rankings. Retrieved November 4, 2026, from https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/mnist-fashion-mnist

@misc{scholar4ai-datasets-mnist-fashion-mnist,
  author = {{Scholar4AI}},
  title = {MNIST / Fashion-MNIST},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/mnist-fashion-mnist}},
  urldate = {2026-11-04},
  note = {Journal and Conference Research Rankings; data from OpenAlex (CC0); licensed CC BY-NC 4.0}
}

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