S&P 500

data category: Stock market indices · 6 papers in the last 7 days

← Most-used data · All Stock market indices datasets

Benchmark equity indices used as market returns, samples or index-membership designs.

Names searched for: S&P 500, S&P500, Standard & Poor's 500

Key findings#

From Nov 2023 to Oct 2026, 1,530 archived papers mentioned S&P 500 in their title, abstract or keywords (the search of earlier months' full texts is still under way), most of them in Jan 2025 (66).
S&P 500 was mentioned in 38 papers in the last 30 days (2026-10-06 to 2026-11-04), ranking #1 of the 255 datasets mentioned.
By journal category: Finance (19), Economics (5), Statistics (4), Operations Research (3), AI (2), Accounting (2), Management (2) and Marketing (1).
Most of them appeared in Finance research letters (3), International Review of Economics & Finance (3) and Annals of Operations Research (3).
From 2017 to 2026 (so far), S&P 500 was mentioned in 2,234 papers in the tracked journals, most of them in finance (1,107), economics (480) and management (179).
462 of them were published in 2025, against 75 in 2017.
Since 2023, the institutions with the most of these papers were University of Vaasa (21), Lebanese American University (18) and Lancaster University (17).
The journals publishing most of them were Financial Innovation (112), Finance research letters (105) and Computational Economics (81).
The most-cited of them is “Deep learning with long short-term memory networks for financial market predictions” (European Journal of Operational Research, 2017), with 2,828 citations.
Papers use S&P 500 most often with VIX (328), Marketization index (Fan Gang) (250) and Economic Policy Uncertainty index (217); it has 143 partners in the code and data network, in the group around S&P 500, Economic Policy…, Compustat.

Mentions over 36 months#

Papers mentioning it by publication month, Nov 2023 to Oct 2026 (titles, abstracts and keywords; the full texts of earlier months are still being searched)
Trend	Nov 23–Oct 24	Nov 24–Oct 25	Nov 25–Oct 26	36 months
	503	474	553	1,530

Papers per year#

20172026 (so far)

Papers per publication year and category
Category	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2026 (so far)
Finance	39	40	43	51	49	61	103	252	211	258
Economics	21	10	27	26	20	27	44	124	103	78
Management	3	3	1	5	6	6	20	38	51	46
Operations Research	9	5	5	5	4	9	17	35	23	31
AI	1	8	6	4	9	15	17	21	34	22
Accounting	1	1	0	0	3	7	5	18	14	23
Statistics	1	4	2	4	6	5	1	13	12	17
Information Systems	0	0	0	1	0	2	2	7	7	3
Marketing	0	1	2	1	0	2	2	4	4	5
Tourism and Hospitality	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	1
Health Economics and Policy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	1
Higher Education and Research	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
All categories	75	72	86	97	97	134	211	514	462	486

Where the papers come from#

Journals with the most papers, since 2023
#	Journal	Papers
1	Financial Innovation	112
2	Finance research letters	105
3	Computational Economics	81
4	International Review of Financial Analysis	71
5	International Review of Economics & Finance	63
6	Annals of Operations Research	52
7	The North American Journal of Economics and Finance	43
8	Research in International Business and Finance	41
9	Energy Economics	40
10	Journal of Econometrics	39

Institutions with the most papers, since 2023
#	Institution	Papers
1	University of Vaasa	21
2	Lebanese American University	18
3	Lancaster University	17
4	Swansea University	17
5	University of Pretoria	17
6	Charles University	16
7	London School of Economics and Political Science	16
8	Monash University	16
9	Southwestern University of Finance and Economics	16
10	University of Southampton	16

Countries with the most papers, since 2023
#	Country	Papers
1	United Kingdom	339
2	United States	275
3	China	224
4	Italy	153
5	Germany	145
6	Spain	105
7	France	105
8	Australia	96
9	Turkey	80
10	Canada	67

Keywords with the most papers, since 2023
#	Keyword	Papers
1	S&P 500	296
2	COVID-19 pandemic	135
3	corporate governance	85
4	portfolio optimization	85
5	S&P 500 firms	81
6	Bitcoin	80
7	stock returns	79
8	risk management	55
9	Russian invasion of Ukraine	53
10	volatility forecasting	50

Most-cited papers#

Most-cited papers since 2017
#	Citations	Per month	Title	Journal	Published	Authors
1	2,828	26.4	Deep learning with long short-term memory networks for financial market predictions	European Journal of Operational Research	2017-12-05	Thomas Günter Fischer, Christopher Krauß
2	832	10.8	Safe haven or risky hazard? Bitcoin during the Covid-19 bear market	Finance research letters	2020-05-24	Thomas Conlon, Richard J. McGee
3	726	9.6	COVID-19 and the march 2020 stock market crash. Evidence from S&P1500	Finance research letters	2020-07-08	Mieszko Mazur, Man Dang, Miguel Vega
4	643	7.0	CNNpred: CNN-based stock market prediction using a diverse set of variables	Expert Systems with Applications	2019-03-20	Ehsan Hoseinzade, Saman Haratizadeh
5	562	7.5	COVID-19 and the United States financial markets’ volatility	Finance research letters	2020-07-25	Claudiu Tiberiu Albulescu

Archive counts by publication year: a paper counts when its title, abstract or keywords name the dataset, or when OpenAlex's full-text search finds it there (searched for the last 30 days' papers and, by a pass over the past years, for older ones). Names added to the list later are looked for in older papers as the archive is read again.

Used together with#

Papers use S&P 500 most often with VIX (328), Marketization index (Fan Gang) (250) and Economic Policy Uncertainty index (217); it has 143 partners in the code and data network, in the group around S&P 500, Economic Policy…, Compustat. The whole network →

What papers use S&P 500 together with (at least 3 papers; lift 1 = chance)
Used with	Type	Papers using both	Lift
VIX	Dataset	328	6.4
Marketization index (Fan Gang)	Dataset	250	6.9
Economic Policy Uncertainty index	Dataset	217	1.7
Twitter / X	Dataset	169	0.8
Euro Stoxx / DAX	Dataset	154	6.8
Dow Jones Industrial Average	Dataset	131	7.9
CRSP	Dataset	124	5.4
Compustat	Dataset	121	3.5
WTI crude oil	Dataset	116	3.3
FTSE indices	Dataset	114	7.4
CSI 300 / Shanghai Composite	Dataset	102	6.4
Yahoo Finance	Dataset	94	8.6

Papers mentioning S&P 500 in the last 30 days, newest first.
Date	Title	Journal	Authors	Affiliations
2026-11-02	Contemporaneous and Lagged R2 Decomposed Connectedness: Evidence for Stock Market Indices, Thematic ETFs, Bitcoin, Brent Crude Oil and Geopolitical Risks	Journal of Quantitative Economics	Fekria Belhouichet, Guglielmo Maria Caporale, Luis A. Gil‐Alana	University of Sfax; Faculty of Economics and Management of Sfax; Brunel University of London; …
2026-11-01	A modified Sharpe framework incorporating carbon exposure	Finance research letters	Emrah Öget, Ersin Kanat, Ferdi Kesikoğlu	Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University
2026-10-31	The k-th power expectile periodogram for time series analysis	Statistics and Computing	Tianbo Chen, Ta-Hsin Li, Wenzhi Yang	Anhui University; IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center
2026-10-29	Distribution-guided evolution and tail-adaptive search for robust portfolio optimization	Swarm and Evolutionary Computation	Tanuja Mathpal, Arun Kumar	Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology
2026-10-29	Temporal Network-based Portfolio Optimization with Asset Preselection	Computational Economics	Riccardo Dondi, Mohammad Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Sergio Ortobelli Lozza	University of Bergamo
2026-10-29	Human resources governance and human capital management disclosure following the SEC mandate	Journal of Accounting and Public Policy	Cynthia Melhem, MICHEL L. MAGNAN, Rucsandra Moldovan	Lebanese American University; Concordia University
2026-10-27	Macro-financial conditions and volatility connectedness across industrial and precious metal markets	International Review of Economics & Finance	Amelie Schischke, Andreas Rathgeber	University of Augsburg
2026-10-27	Diverging investors’ perspectives: The role of the firm’s environmental performance and family nature in shaping the cost of capital	Journal of Family Business Strategy	Yasser Basstawy, Paola Rovelli, Fabio Zona	Free University of Bozen-Bolzano; University of Trento
2026-10-26	Common ownership and consumer welfare	Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science	Saeed Janani, Sina Aghaie, Darima Fotheringham et al.	University of Denver; Wichita State University; Texas Tech University; …
2026-10-24	Ruin avoidance in Goal-Based Wealth Management: A life-cycle approach	Finance research letters	Philippe Bertrand	Aix-Marseille Université; Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques
2026-10-24	Programmable spreads: Indicators of financial conditions?	Journal of Financial Stability	Kwamie Dunbar, Eugene Yeboah, Victor Zhu	Worcester Polytechnic Institute
2026-10-24	Reflex without persistence: The dollar’s multi-day safe haven reversal in 2025	Journal of International Financial Markets Institutions and Money	Orhan Torul	Boğaziçi University
2026-10-23	From pixels to profits: trading arbitrage portfolios based on image representations	Financial markets and portfolio management	Niklas Paluszkiewicz	Universität Ulm
2026-10-22	Cut the chit-chat: a new framework for the application of generative language models for portfolio construction	Annals of Operations Research	Francesco A. Fabozzi, Ionuţ Florescu	Stevens Institute of Technology
2026-10-22	To what extent does weather influence stock market dynamics	Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance	Yiqi Wang, Ting Liu, Shaosong Wang	Macau University of Science and Technology
2026-10-21	Leveraging Machine Learning for Profit Forecasting and Cost Optimization Using Public Financial Data	Computational Economics	Bilal Ahmad, Abdu Salam, Mian Abdulbasit et al.	University of Peshawar; Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan; Yeungnam University; …
2026-10-20	Geometric portfolio equilibria: constraint curvature and asset pricing	Annals of Operations Research	Массимилиано Феррара	University of Reggio Calabria; Bocconi University; Okan University
2026-10-17	The resilience of sentiment: VIX-led connectedness and monetary decoupling in a high-inflation regime	Journal of Economics and Finance	Sayed Akif Hussain, Syed Atif Hussain, Syed Atif Hussain et al.	Shihezi University; Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications; National University of Sciences and Technology
2026-10-17	U.S.-China tensions and systemic risk transmission across asset classes: New evidence from a TVP-VAR connectedness framework	Emerging Markets Review	David Y. Aharon, Martin M. Bojaj, Arie Jacobi	Ono Academic College; Peres Academic Center
2026-10-15	Momentum strategies in ETFs under simple operational rules: Economic value and conditional predictability	The North American Journal of Economics and Finance	Nicolás S. Magner, Aliro Joel Sanhueza	Universidad Diego Portales; Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez
2026-10-15	Uncertainty-aware stock selection and portfolio optimization with deep learning-based return prediction	Annals of Operations Research	Mustafa Etcil, Burak Kolukısa, Burcu Bakır Güngör	Abdullah Gül University; Kayseri Üniversitesi
2026-10-13	Steady at the helm: how CEO early-life disaster experience shapes CEO resilience	Journal of Business Research	Kevin Tian, Jan Christoph Hennig, Reggy B. H. Hooghiemstra et al.	University of Groningen
2026-10-13	The Effects of Hype and Social Preferences on Crypto Investing	Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization	Hans Degryse, Alberta Di Giuli, Naciye Sekerci et al.	Centre for Economic Policy Research; KU Leuven
2026-10-13	Can central bankers' talk predict bank stock returns? A machine learning approach	International Review of Financial Analysis	Apostolos G. Katsafados, George N. Leledakis, Nikolaos P. Panagiotou et al.	Athens University of Economics and Business; University College Dublin
2026-10-12	Functional linear expected shortfall regression model	Journal of Multivariate Analysis	Wenhui Xuan, Ping Yu, Yafei Wang et al.	Shanxi Normal University; University of Alberta
2026-10-12	Multi-task end-to-end portfolio optimization with self-supervised graph attention network	Expert Systems with Applications	Yinhong Yao, Yupeng Wang, Jingjing Li et al.	Capital University of Economics and Business
2026-10-10	So similar, yet so different: comparing the US GAAP and IFRS experience at eliciting greater transparency on pension asset disclosures	Review of Accounting Studies	Divya Anantharaman, Elizabeth Chuk, Tonni Shijun Xia	Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; University of California, Irvine; San Diego State University
2026-10-09	Time reversibility testing for stochastic processes	Journal of Multivariate Analysis	Daniel Hlubinka, Hedvika Ranošová	Charles University
2026-10-08	Forecasting the S&P 500 materials volatility via the dual climate risk: A hybrid machine learning approach	Finance research letters	Jinzuo He, Chi Xie, Weiyiqing Wang et al.	Hunan University
2026-10-08	Behavioral drivers of cryptocurrency markets: A systematic review	Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance	Sebastian Steindl, Hans Rüdiger Kaufmann, Bernd Britzelmaier	University of Nicosia; University of Applied Management Studies; Pforzheim University of Applied Sciences
2026-10-08	Is the relationship between climate policy uncertainty and cash holding nonlinear?	The North American Journal of Economics and Finance	Augustinos I. Dimitras, Efstathios Magerakis, George Peppas	Hellenic Open University
2026-10-07	The lithium bubble in the aftermath of COVID and the energy transition hype	Resources Policy	Pablo Agnese, Francisco Ríos Muñoz	United Arab Emirates University; Universidad de Playa Ancha de Ciencias de la Educación
2026-10-06	Is bitcoin a hedge against central banking? Evidence from AI-driven monetary policy expectations	Journal of International Money and Finance	Maxime L. D. Nicolas, François Sicard, Marion Labouré et al.	University College London; Deutsche Bank (United Kingdom)
2026-10-06	Chronologically consistent large language models	Journal of Financial Economics	Songrun He, Linying Lv, Asaf Manela et al.	Chinese University of Hong Kong; Washington University in St. Louis; University of Iowa
2026-10-06	Silent partners no more: Wife's managerial involvement and corporate carbon emissions in Chinese family firms	International Review of Economics & Finance	Zhan Xu, Yetong Hao	Capital University of Economics and Business
2026-10-06	Sentiment interactions in financial markets: Conditional volatility, feedback, and shock propagation	International Review of Economics & Finance	Md Tanvir Hasan	University of Dhaka; University of Glasgow
2026-10-06	Hidden in the probabilities: Does financial ambiguity predict global stock volatility?	International Review of Financial Analysis	Yong Ma, Xianxin Duan, Shuaibing Li	Hunan University
2026-10-06	Bayesian modelling of clustered extreme events using a nonparametric Hawkes process	Statistics and Computing	Gordon J. Ross, Dean Markwick	University of Edinburgh; University College London

Cite this page

Scholar4AI. (2026). S&P 500. Journal and Conference Research Rankings. Retrieved November 4, 2026, from https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/s-p-500

@misc{scholar4ai-datasets-s-p-500,
  author = {{Scholar4AI}},
  title = {S&P 500},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://scholar4ai.com/datasets/s-p-500}},
  urldate = {2026-11-04},
  note = {Journal and Conference Research Rankings; data from OpenAlex (CC0); licensed CC BY-NC 4.0}
}

Free to reuse for non-commercial purposes with attribution (CC BY-NC 4.0).